Irisin是由运动引起的肌肉因素,通过含膜蛋白纤连蛋白III型结构域的蛋白5(FNDC-5)的蛋白水解裂解产生。大量研究表明,irisin在调节糖脂代谢方面发挥着重要作用,抑制氧化应激,减少全身炎症反应,并提供神经保护。此外,irisin可以通过调节调节性T细胞(Tregs)发挥免疫调节功能。Tregs是成熟T细胞的高度分化亚群,在维持自身免疫稳态中起关键作用,与感染密切相关,炎症,免疫相关疾病,和肿瘤。Irisin通过各种机制对Treg细胞功能发挥持续的积极作用,包括调节Treg细胞的分化和增殖,改善他们的功能,调节免疫细胞的平衡,增加抗炎细胞因子的产生,增强代谢功能,从而有助于维持免疫稳态和预防免疫相关疾病。作为一种重要的Myokine,irisin与细胞膜上的受体相互作用,激活多个细胞内信号通路调节细胞代谢,扩散,和功能。虽然对irisin的特异性受体尚未完全确定,整合素被认为是潜在的受体。Irisin激活各种信号通路,包括AMPK,MAPK,和PI3K/Akt,通过整合素受体,从而发挥多种生物学效应。这些研究结果为理解irisin的作用机制提供了重要线索,为其在代谢性疾病和免疫调节中的潜在应用提供了理论基础。本文回顾了irisin和Tregs之间的关系,以及irisin在多发性硬化症等免疫相关疾病中的研究进展,重症肌无力,获得性免疫缺陷综合征,1型糖尿病,脓毒症,和类风湿性关节炎。研究表明,irisin通过改善Tregs的功能在免疫调节中起重要作用,提示其在免疫相关疾病治疗中的潜在应用价值。
Irisin is a muscle factor induced by exercise, generated through the proteolytic cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC-5). Numerous studies have shown that
irisin plays a significant role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing systemic inflammatory responses, and providing neuroprotection. Additionally,
irisin can exert immunomodulatory functions by regulating regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are a highly differentiated subset of mature T cells that play a key role in maintaining self-immune homeostasis and are closely related to infections, inflammation, immune-related diseases, and tumors.
Irisin exerts persistent positive effects on Treg cell functions through various mechanisms, including regulating Treg cell differentiation and proliferation, improving their function, modulating the balance of immune cells, increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and enhancing metabolic functions, thereby helping to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent immune-related diseases. As an important myokine, irisin interacts with receptors on the cell membrane, activating multiple intracellular signaling pathways to regulate cell metabolism, proliferation, and function. Although the specific receptor for irisin has not been fully identified, integrins are considered potential receptors. Irisin activates various signaling pathways, including AMPK, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, through integrin receptors, thereby exerting multiple biological effects. These research findings provide important clues for understanding the mechanisms of irisin\'s action and theoretical basis for its potential applications in metabolic diseases and immunomodulation. This article reviews the relationship between
irisin and Tregs, as well as the research progress of
irisin in immune-related diseases such as multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, type 1 diabetes, sepsis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Studies have revealed that irisin plays an important role in immune regulation by improving the function of Tregs, suggesting its potential application value in the treatment of immune-related diseases.