背景:抵达欧洲国家的580万乌克兰难民必须在各自的东道国中浏览不同的医疗保健系统和不同且通常未知的语言。迄今为止,对这些经验的探索很少,感知差异,这些难民在德国使用医疗保健方面的信息和支持需求。
方法:我们从2023年2月至5月对居住在德国的乌克兰难民进行了十次定性采访,使用乌克兰语,英语和德语。根据Kuckartz和Rädiker的定性内容分析方法,使用MAXQDA软件对转录的访谈进行了分析。
结果:一般来说,参与者一直对德国医疗系统有积极的体验,特别是关于治疗和保险的质量。据报道,医疗保健系统的结构存在差异。乌克兰的医疗系统分为私营和国有部门,没有强制性保险和频繁的自付费用。路径不同,往往更侧重于诊所和私人医生。全科医生,经常在设备不完善的办公室工作,由于医疗体制改革,最近才获得了突出地位。开始与医生联系通常更容易,与德国相比,等待时间要短得多。受访者经常发现德国许多药物的处方要求不寻常。然而,提到的医疗保健差异导致难民之间的信息需求得不到满足,特别是与沟通有关,导航医疗保健系统,健康保险,等待时间和药物访问。这些需求通常通过个人互联网研究和非正式(社交媒体)网络来解决,因为缺乏在抵达期间或之后提供的官方信息。
结论:尽管乌克兰难民在德国医疗系统中的积极经历,系统和语言障碍的差异导致难民使用医疗保健和信息需求的障碍。传播有关德国医疗保健系统特征的信息对于成功整合至关重要,但目前尚缺乏。
背景:德国临床试验注册:DRKS00030942,注册日期:29.12.2022。
BACKGROUND: The 5.8 million Ukrainian refugees arriving in European countries must navigate varying healthcare systems and different and often unknown languages in their respective host countries. To date, there has been little exploration of the experiences, perceived differences, information and support needs of these refugees regarding the use of healthcare in Germany.
METHODS: We conducted ten qualitative interviews with Ukrainian refugees living in Germany from February to May 2023, using Ukrainian, English and German language. The transcribed interviews were analysed using the qualitative content analysis method according to Kuckartz and Rädiker with the MAXQDA software.
RESULTS: In general, participants consistently had a positive experience of the German healthcare system, particularly regarding the quality of treatments and insurance. Differences have been reported in the structure of the healthcare systems. The Ukrainian healthcare system is divided into private and state sectors, with no mandatory insurance and frequent out-of-pocket payments. Pathways differ and tend to focus more on clinics and private doctors. General practitioners, often working in less well-equipped offices, have only recently gained prominence due to healthcare system reforms. Initiating contact with doctors is often easier, with much shorter waiting times compared to Germany. Interviewees often found the prescription requirements for many medications in Germany to be unusual. However, the mentioned differences in healthcare result in unmet information needs among the refugees, especially related to communication, navigating the healthcare system, health insurance, waiting times and medication access. These needs were often addressed through personal internet research and informal (social media) networks because of lacking official information provided during or after their arrival.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the positive experiences of Ukrainian refugees in the German healthcare system, differences in the systems and language barriers led to barriers using healthcare and information needs among refugees. The dissemination of information regarding characteristics of the German health care system is crucial for successful integration but is currently lacking.
BACKGROUND: German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00030942, date of registration: 29.12.2022.