The liver is the main organ responsible for the metabolism of ethanol, which suffers significantly as a result of tissue damage due to oxidative stress. It is known that C60 fullerenes are able to efficiently capture and inactivate reactive oxygen species in in vivo and in vitro systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether water-soluble C60 fullerene reduces the level of pathological process development in the liver of rats induced by chronic alcohol intoxication for 3, 6, and 9 months, depending on the daily dose (oral administration; 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg) of C60 fullerene throughout the experiment. In this context, the morphology of the C60 fullerene nanoparticles in aqueous solution was studied using atomic force microscopy. Such biochemical parameters of experimental animal blood as ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) enzyme activities, CDT (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin) level, values of pro-antioxidant balance indicators (concentrations of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and GSH (reduced glutathione), activities of CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GPx (selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase)), and pathohistological and morphometric features of liver damage were analyzed. The most significant positive change in the studied biochemical parameters (up to 29 ± 2% relative to the control), as markers of liver damage, was recorded at the combined administration of alcohol (40% ethanol in drinking water) and water-soluble C60 fullerenes in the optimal dose of 1 mg/kg, which was confirmed by small histopathological changes in the liver of rats. The obtained results prove the prospective use of C60 fullerenes as powerful antioxidants for the mitigation of pathological conditions of the liver arising under prolonged alcohol intoxication.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune condition characterized by chronic synovitis, joint damage, and inflammation, leading to impaired joint functionality. Existing RA treatments, although effective to some extent, are not without side effects, prompting a search for more potent therapies. Recent research has revealed the critical role of FAS-associated death domain protein (FADD) microvesicular shedding in RA pathogenesis, expanding its scope beyond apoptosis to include inflammatory and immune pathways. This study aimed to investigate the intricate relationship between mi-RNA 128a, autoimmune and inflammatory pathways, and adenosine levels in modulating FADD expression and microvesicular shedding in a Freund\'s complete adjuvant (FCA) induced RA rat model and further explore the antirheumatoid potency of trimetazidine (TMZ). The FCA treated model exhibited significantly elevated levels of serum fibrogenic, inflammatory, immunological and rheumatological diagnostic markers, confirming successful RA induction. Our results revealed that the FCA-induced RA model showed a significant reduction in the expression of FADD in paw tissue and increased microvesicular FADD shedding in synovial fluid, which was attributed to the significant increase in the expression of the epigenetic miRNA 128a gene in addition to the downregulation of adenosine levels. These findings were further supported by the significant activation of the TLR4/MYD88 pathway and its downstream inflammatory IkB/NFB markers. Interestingly, TMZ administration significantly improved, with a potency similar to methotrexate (MTX), the deterioration effect of FCA treatment, as evidenced by a significant attenuation of fibrogenic, inflammatory, immunological, and rheumatological markers. Our investigations indicated that TMZ uniquely acted by targeting epigenetic miRNA128a expression and elevating adenosine levels in paw tissue, leading to increased expression of FADD of paw tissue and mitigated FADD microvesicular shedding in synovial fluid. Furthermore, the group treated with TMZ showed significant downregulation of TLR4/MYD88 and their downstream TRAF6, IRAK and NF-kB. Together, our study unveils the significant potential of TMZ as an antirheumatoid candidate, offering anti-inflammatory effects through various mechanisms, including modulation of the FADD-epigenetic regulator mi-RNA 128a, adenosine levels, and the TLR4 signaling pathway in joint tissue, but also attenuation of FADD microvesicular shedding in synovial fluid. These findings further highlight the synergistic administration of TMZ and MTX as a potential approach to reduce adverse effects of MTX while improving therapeutic efficacy.

Retroperitoneal cysts, a rare surgical phenomenon, present diagnostic challenges due to their typically asymptomatic nature. A 62-year-old male presented with a 4-month history of abdominal distension and increased burping. Upon clinical examination, a soft, distended, nontender abdomen with a palpable mass extending from the epigastric region to 3 cm below the umbilicus was revealed. Imaging revealed a 14.6 cm × 15.8 cm × 16.4 cm nonenhancing retroperitoneal lesion, compressing the right ureter and causing mild right hydronephrosis. Multiple gall bladder calculi, an umbilical hernia, and lipomatous lesions associated with adrenal glands were also discovered. Laparoscopic retroperitoneal cystectomy, cholecystectomy, and umbilical hernia repair were performed. Intraoperatively, 150 ml ascitic fluid and 1200 ml cystic fluid were found. This case highlights the intricate clinical presentation of a retroperitoneal cyst, emphasizing the need for surgical exploration. Successful laparoscopic management contributes to the evolving understanding of optimal treatment strategies.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, anthropogenic activities have released heavy metals and polluted the aquatic environment. This study investigated the ability of the silica-stabilized magnetite (Si-M) nanocomposite materials to dispose of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) toxicity in Nile tilapia and African catfish.
RESULTS: Preliminary toxicity tests were conducted and determined the median lethal concentration (LC50) of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) to Nile tilapia and African catfish to be 5 mg/l. The sublethal concentration, equivalent to 1/20 of the 96-hour LC50 Pb(NO3)2, was selected for our experiment. Fish of each species were divided into four duplicated groups. The first group served as the control negative group, while the second group (Pb group) was exposed to 0.25 mg/l Pb(NO3)2 (1/20 of the 96-hour LC50). The third group (Si-MNPs) was exposed to silica-stabilized magnetite nanoparticles at a concentration of 1 mg/l, and the fourth group (Pb + Si-MNPs) was exposed simultaneously to Pb(NO3)2 and Si-MNPs at the same concentrations as the second and third groups. Throughout the experimental period, no mortalities or abnormal clinical observations were recorded in any of the treated groups, except for melanosis and abnormal nervous behavior observed in some fish in the Pb group. After three weeks of sublethal exposure, we analyzed hepatorenal indices, oxidative stress parameters, and genotoxicity. Values of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), urea, and creatinine were significantly higher in the Pb-intoxicated groups compared to the control and Pb + Si-MNPs groups in both fish species. Oxidative stress parameters showed a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, along with a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) concentrations, as well as DNA fragmentation percentage in the Pb group. However, these values were nearly restored to control levels in the Pb + Si-MNPs groups. High lead accumulation was observed in the liver and gills of the Pb group, with the least accumulation in the muscles of tilapia and catfish in the Pb + Si-MNPs group. Histopathological analysis of tissue samples from Pb-exposed groups of tilapia and catfish revealed brain vacuolation, gill fusion, hyperplasia, and marked hepatocellular and renal necrosis, contrasting with Pb + Si-MNP group, which appeared to have an apparently normal tissue structure.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that Si-MNPs are safe and effective aqueous additives in reducing the toxic effects of Pb (NO3)2 on fish tissue through the lead-chelating ability of Si-MNPs in water before being absorbed by fish.

The traditional recognition of extracellular matrix (ECM) at tissue sections relies on the time-consuming immunofluorescence that could not meet the demand of rapid diagnosis. Herein, we introduce a thickness-resolved electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy to image thin-layer ECM at tissue sections for fast histopathological analysis. The unique surface-confined ECL mechanism enables to unveil the diversity and complexity of multiple tissue structures with varying thicknesses. Notably, the short lifetimes and the limited diffusion of electrogenerated coreactant radicals combined with their chemical reactivity result in a 2-fold increase in ECL intensity on ECM structures compared to the remaining tissue, enabling ECM visualization without specific labeling. The further quantitation of the ECM localization within tissue sections furnishes crucial insights into tumor progression and, more importantly, differentiates carcinoma and paracancerous tissues from patients in less than 30 min. Moreover, the reported electrochemistry-based microscopy is a dynamic approach allowing to investigate the transport, tortuosity, and trafficking properties through the tissues. This thickness-resolved recognition strategy not only opens new avenues for imaging complex samples but also holds promise for expediting tissue pathologic diagnosis, offering a more automated protocol with enhanced quantitative data compared to current intraoperative pathology methods.

BACKGROUND: Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a major concern that frequently occurs during vascular surgeries. Hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) solution exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to examine the effects of HRS applied before ischemia in the lungs of rats using a lower extremity IR model.
METHODS: After approval was obtained from the ethics committee, 18 male Wistar albino rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into three groups: control (C), IR and IR-HRS. In the IR and IR-HRS groups, an atraumatic microvascular clamp was used to clamp the infrarenal abdominal aorta, and skeletal muscle ischemia was induced. After 120 min, the clamp was removed, and reperfusion was achieved for 120 min. In the IR-HRS group, HRS was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before the procedure. Lung tissue samples were examined under a light microscope and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total sulfhydryl (SH) levels, and histopathological parameters were evaluated in the tissue samples.
RESULTS: MDA and total SH levels were significantly higher in the IR group than in the control group (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively). MDA and total SH levels were significantly lower in the IR-HRS group than in the IR group (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.013, respectively). A histopathological examination revealed that neutrophil infiltration/aggregation, alveolar wall thickness, and total lung injury score were significantly higher in the IR group than in the control group (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Similarly, alveolar wall thickness and total lung injury scores were significantly higher in the IR-HRS group than in the control group (p = 0.009 and p = 0.004, respectively). A statistically significant decrease was observed in neutrophil infiltration/aggregation and total lung injury scores in the IR-HRS group compared to those in the IR group (p = 0.023 and p = 0.022, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: HRS at a dose of 20 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia in rats, reduced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, while also reducing IR damage in lung histopathology. We believe that HRS administered to rats prior to IR exerts a lung-protective effect.

Sclerosing mesenteritis, a rare fibroinflammatory disease affecting the mesentery, presents a diagnostic challenge due to its varied clinical manifestations and unknown etiology. We present a case of a 50-year-old female presenting with epigastric pain and weight loss, initially suspected of abdominal malignancy. Imaging revealed a mesenteric mass, and histopathological examination confirmed dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with storiform fibrosis, along with elevated serum IgG4 levels, indicative of IgG4-related sclerosing mesenteritis. Treatment with thalidomide and prednisolone resulted in significant mass regression and symptom improvement. Our case highlights the importance of considering sclerosing mesenteritis in the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses and suggests a potential therapeutic approach for this rare condition. Further research is warranted to elucidate its pathogenesis and optimize management strategies.

Background The nephrotoxic side effects of gentamicin, a potent aminoglycoside antibiotic, significantly restrict its clinical use. Identifying compounds that can mitigate this nephrotoxicity is of paramount importance. The research examines how the ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds (EECPS) and isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a flavonoid separated from them, protect the kidneys and fight free radicals in gentamicin-treated Wistar albino rats. Methodology A total of 48 mature Wistar albino rats were divided into eight groups, with each group consisting of six rats. The experimental setup included a normal control group receiving oral saline as a negative control, and a standard control group administered gentamicin intraperitoneally (IP) at 100 mg/kg body weight for 13 days to induce nephrotoxicity, followed by oral silymarin at 100 mg/kg body weight as a positive control from days 14 to 21. A toxicant control group was exposed to gentamicin IP without subsequent treatment. Two test groups were given 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of EECPS orally after being given gentamicin. Three other test groups were given 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg of ISL orally after being given gentamicin. Serum levels of creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were used to test renal function. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione (GSH), which are signs of oxidative stress, were also measured in renal tissues. Results Gentamicin administration markedly increased serum creatinine, urea, and BUN levels, confirming its nephrotoxic effect. Nephroprotection depended on the dose of EECPS and ISL used. It was found that 80 mg/kg of ISL had the most powerful effect, which was not what was thought at first. These treatments effectively reduced MDA and NO levels while enhancing GSH levels, exhibiting their strong antioxidant properties. Notably, the nephroprotective efficacy of these treatments exceeded that of silymarin, a known nephroprotective agent. Histopathological analysis confirmed reduced renal damage and enhanced tissue repair in the treated groups. Conclusions These findings demonstrate how effective EECPS and ISL are at shielding the kidneys from gentamicin-caused damage. They do this by acting as antioxidants and nephroprotectants. Their ability to protect kidney function and fight oxidative stress makes them interesting as possible treatments for gentamicin-related kidney damage. These results advocate for further investigation into the utility of these natural compounds in the management of nephrotoxicity.

Nasopharyngeal myiasis in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is a pathological condition caused by the larval stages of Cephenemyia stimulator, a fly from the Oestridae family. These larvae reside in the host\'s upper respiratory tract for months, inducing significant tissue damage and clinical symptoms. The lifecycle of Cephenemyia stimulator is complex, involving three larval stages before maturation into adult flies, with each stage contributing to the progressive pathology observed in the host. Despite their prevalence, the histopathological effects of these larvae in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities have been understudied. Our study fills this knowledge gap by providing a detailed histopathological analysis of the affected tissues, using various staining techniques to reveal the extent and nature of the damage caused by these parasitic larvae. This histopathological examination reveals significant alterations within the nasopharyngeal mucosa and nasal cavity, including erythematous changes, mucosal metaplasia, fibrosis, and tissue necrosis. Parasitic cysts and eosinophilic infiltration further characterize the impact of the infestation, compromising not only the mucosal integrity but also potentially the olfactory function of the affected animals. This research is crucial for understanding the impact of myiasis on both the health and olfactory capabilities of roe deer populations and could have significant implications for wildlife management and conservation.

UNASSIGNED: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are difficult to diagnose because of the lack of specific indicators. We describe a diagnostically challenging case of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor primary to the peritoneum.
UNASSIGNED: The patient was a 25-year-old male who presented at our hospital with lower abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed a mass lesion 80 mm in diameter just above the bladder. This was suspected to be a bleeding tumor of the urachus. Since malignancy could not be ruled out, surgery was planned. This revealed a fragile tumor arising from the peritoneum. Following its removal, the tumor was diagnosed by histopathological analysis as an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.
UNASSIGNED: We describe a case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor primary to the peritoneum diagnosed by histopathology. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal wall and anterior bladder tumors.