背景:众所周知,性别歧视会在许多不同的环境中影响社会。医学教育也不例外。这项研究的重点是后果,性别歧视可以对医学生和他们的(初级)住院医师专业的选择。
方法:在德国的40个医学院系中开发并分发了在线问卷。研究人群包含第五和第六学年的医学生。
结果:调查的参与者包括来自31所大学的759名学生。与男同事相比,女医学生遭受的性别歧视明显更多(f=487,87.9%vs.m=76,45.8%,p<0.0001)。性别歧视报告最多的专业是家庭医学(f=180,42.9%vs.m=15,23.8%,p<0.05),其次是手术(f=369,87.4%vs.m=44,69.8%,p<0.05),内科(f=282,67.3%vs.m=37,58.7%,ns),骨科/伤员手术(f=270,65.1%vs.m=32,50.8%,p<0.05),和妇科(女性(f=142,34.1%vs.m=34,54.0%,p<0.05)。妇科是唯一的专业,与女性相比,男性遭受的歧视更多。在曾经改变专业的学生中(f=346(73.3%)m=95(72%)),明显多于男性的女性声称性别歧视是他们选择专业的三个主要原因之一(f=42,12.1%vs.m=1,1.1%,p<0.05)。此外,53名学生(f=50(10.6%)m=3(2.3%))表示,由于性别歧视,从一开始就排除了专业。
结论:德国医学生经常经历性别歧视。它直接影响他们对医学专业的选择。我们的数据表明,提出并暗示某些专业仅对一种性别具有吸引力的基本问题。
BACKGROUND: Gender discrimination is known to affect societies in many different settings. Medical education is no exception. This study focusses on the consequences, gender discrimination can have on medical students and their choice of (junior) residency specialty.
METHODS: An online questionnaire was developed and distributed among the 40 medical faculties in Germany. The study population contained medical students in their fifth and sixth academic year.
RESULTS: The survey\'s participants consisted of 759 students from 31 universities. Female medical students experienced significantly more gender discrimination compared to their male colleagues (f = 487, 87.9% vs. m = 76, 45.8%, p < 0.0001). The specialties with the most reported gender discrimination were family medicine (f = 180, 42.9% vs. m = 15, 23.8%, p < 0.05), followed by surgery (f = 369, 87.4% vs. m = 44, 69.8%, p < 0.05), internal medicine (f = 282, 67.3% vs. m = 37, 58.7%, ns), orthopaedics/casualty surgery (f = 270, 65.1% vs. m = 32, 50.8%, p < 0.05), and gynaecology (women (f = 142, 34.1% vs. m = 34, 54.0%, p < 0.05). Gynaecology was the only specialty, men experienced more discrimination compared to women. Among the students that ever changed their specialty of choice (f = 346 (73.3%) m = 95 (72%)), significantly more women than men claimed gender discrimination to be one of the main three reasons for their specialty choice (f = 42, 12.1% vs. m = 1, 1.1%, p < 0.05). In addition, 53 students (f = 50 (10.6%) m = 3 (2.3%)) stated to rule out a specialty from the beginning due to gender discrimination.
CONCLUSIONS: Gender discrimination is frequently experienced by medical students in Germany. It influences their choice of medical specialty directly. Our data suggest a fundamental problem that proposes and implicates certain specialties to be attractive for only one gender.