生殖激素对交配系统至关重要,行为,生育力,妊娠,分娩,和哺乳动物的泌乳以及了解激素在这些过程中的作用对于物种保护至关重要。Sirenia是一种独特的海洋哺乳动物,包括海牛,儒艮和已灭绝的斯特勒海牛。由于栖息地的丧失,现存的Sirenian物种都被列为脆弱物种,寒冷的压力,船撞击创伤,有害的藻类水华毒性,纠缠,非法狩猎因此,成功的繁殖对于维持和增加Sirenian种群至关重要。了解Sirenian的生殖行为,内分泌学,交配策略将有助于保护和管理努力,以保护并为成功繁殖提供适当的条件。这篇评论的目的是综合有关Sirenians生殖周期和内分泌学的当前知识,并确定知识差距,以供将来进行调查。当前有关Sirenian生殖生理学的文献报道了生殖季节性,性成熟,发情周期性和无环性,怀孕,和性别差异。然而,关于促性腺激素的周期性和脉冲释放仍然存在显著的知识空白,成熟的女性,和整个妊娠期妊娠激素谱的表征。迄今为止,没有解释卵巢非周期性疾病的确认模式,也不了解海牛中描述的众多附属黄体的功能。重要的第一步是研究,包括对更广泛的野生海牛种群进行更多的纵向和事后研究。一起来看,了解这些脆弱和受威胁物种的生殖内分泌学对于政策和管理决策至关重要,以更好地为保护计划提供信息。
Reproductive hormones are essential to mating systems, behavior, fertility, gestation, parturition, and lactation in mammals and understanding the role of hormones in these processes is essential for species conservation. Sirenia is a unique order of marine mammals that include manatees, dugongs, and the extinct Steller\'s sea cow. Extant Sirenian species are all listed as vulnerable due to habitat loss, cold stress, boat strike trauma, harmful algal bloom toxicity, entanglements, and illegal hunting. Therefore, successful reproduction is essential to maintaining and increasing Sirenian populations. Understanding Sirenian reproductive behavior, endocrinology, and mating strategies will aid conservation and management efforts to protect and provide the proper conditions for successful reproduction. The objectives of this review were to synthesize the current knowledge regarding reproductive cycles and endocrinology of Sirenians and identify knowledge gaps for future investigation. The current literature on Sirenian reproductive physiology reports reproductive seasonality, sexual maturation, estrous cyclicity and acyclicity, pregnancy, and sex differences. However, there remain significant knowledge gaps on the cyclicity and pulsatile release of
gonadotropins, maturation in females, and characterization of pregnancy hormone profiles throughout gestation. To date, there is no explanation for confirmed pattern for ovarian acyclicity, nor understanding of the function of the numerous accessory corpus luteum described in manatees. Research including a greater number of longitudinal and postmortem studies on a wider variety of wild manatee populations are important first steps. Taken together, understanding the reproductive endocrinology of these vulnerable and threatened species is critical for policy and management decisions to better inform protection initiatives.