背景:天麻(G.elata)在亚洲国家及其块茎中有着悠久的历史应用,种子,秸秆能够用于医学,食物,或保健品。
目的:本研究旨在对当前G.elata在传统用途中的研究进展进行系统和最新的分析,植物化学,药理学,应用程序,和质量控制,以及该植物开发利用的科学参考。
方法:电子数据库,包括PubMed,WebofScience,谷歌学者,ScienceDirect,SciFinder,和CNKI用于收集G.elata上的出版物。G.elata的以下关键字与其他相关主题术语一起被截断,如酚类化合物,多糖,糖苷,神经保护,学习和记忆改善效果,心脏保护,应用程序,和质量控制。
结论:s:大约134种化学成分,主要分类为酚类化合物,多糖,糖苷,有机酸,和甾醇是从该植物报道的。此外,临床前研究表明,G.elata执行多种功能,包括神经保护,学习和记忆改善效果,心脏保护,血管调节作用,抗抑郁症,抗癌,和其他影响。目前,G.elata已广泛应用于诊所和食品。现有文献表明,G.elata的质量可能受到来源、真菌,和收获时间,这将对药物疗效产生影响。根据过去的研究,G.elata是一种潜在的药用和食用植物,具有多种活性成分和药理活性,在医药和食品商业中具有很高的应用价值。然而,很少有研究集中在多糖结构的表征和非药用部分的研究,这意味着对其多糖结构和非药用部分的进一步全面研究对于充分利用G.elata资源至关重要。
BACKGROUND: Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata) has a long historical application in Asian countries and its tubers, seeds, and stalks are capable of being utilized for medicine, food, or health care products.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to offer a systematic and up-to-date analysis of the current review of the G. elata research advances in traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, applications, and quality control, as well as a scientific reference for the development and utilization of this plant.
METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, and CNKI were used for the collection of publications on G. elata. The following keywords of G. elata were used truncated with other relevant topic terms, such as phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, glycosides, neuroprotection, learning and memory improvement effects, cardioprotection, applications, and quality control.
CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 134 chemical components mainly categorizing as phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, glycosides, organic acids, and sterols were reported from this plant. Moreover, preclinical studies indicated that G. elata performs several functions, including neuroprotection, learning and memory improvement effects, cardioprotection, vaso-modulatory effect, anti-depression, anti-cancer, and other effects. Currently, G. elata has been widely applied to clinics and foods. The available literature shows that the quality of G. elata might be affected by factors such as origin, fungus, and harvest time, which will have an impact on the drug efficacy. According to past research, G. elata is a potential medicinal and edible plant with several active components and pharmacological activity that has a high application value in medicine and the food business. Nevertheless, few studies have concentrated on characterization of polysaccharides structure and study of non-medicinal parts, implying that further comprehensive research on its polysaccharides structure and non-medicinal parts is critical for full utilization of resources of G. elata.