BACKGROUND: In 2014 the National Health Service (NHS) in England released the Five Year Forward plan1, envisioning a shift in power from health professionals to patients and the public. In response the Society and College of Radiographers (SCoR) produced the \"Patient, Public and Practitioner Partnership within Imaging and Radiotherapy: Guiding Principles\" (P4) document which was implemented within four domains of radiography practice; service delivery, service development, education and research2. This project explored how these guidelines were implemented; and whether improvement to the quality and scope were needed, leading to making recommendations for updating the document.
METHODS: A mixed methods design was adopted with two phases. Phase 1 - a survey exploring use of the P4 document\'s guiding principles. There was no maximum number of participants to ensure inclusivity. Phase 2 - one focus group and four one-to-one interviews from the four domains3.
RESULTS: 626 participants completed the phase 1 survey. 18.85% (n=118) of participants were aware of the document and used it as a reference tool for practice, teaching, and research. 81.15% (n=508) of participants stated they were unaware of the document. Themes from phase 2; importance of service user involvement in service delivery and evaluation, resources to ensure service user involvement, suggestions to update the P4 document and use of the P4 document in radiographer education. Participants acknowledged guidance in the document was best practice. They reported more awareness of patients\' needs and the effect this has on radiographers in supporting their needs.
CONCLUSIONS: Participants recommended the document be given greater visibility. The voices of patients and the public must be heard within radiography practice.
CONCLUSIONS: Feedback from this study can be used for the future development of the P4 document.

BACKGROUND: ChatGPT (OpenAI), a state-of-the-art large language model, has exhibited remarkable performance in various specialized applications. Despite the growing popularity and efficacy of artificial intelligence, there is a scarcity of studies that assess ChatGPT\'s competence in addressing multiple-choice questions (MCQs) using KIDMAP of Rasch analysis-a website tool used to evaluate ChatGPT\'s performance in MCQ answering.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to (1) showcase the utility of the website (Rasch analysis, specifically RaschOnline), and (2) determine the grade achieved by ChatGPT when compared to a normal sample.
METHODS: The capability of ChatGPT was evaluated using 10 items from the English tests conducted for Taiwan college entrance examinations in 2023. Under a Rasch model, 300 simulated students with normal distributions were simulated to compete with ChatGPT\'s responses. RaschOnline was used to generate 5 visual presentations, including item difficulties, differential item functioning, item characteristic curve, Wright map, and KIDMAP, to address the research objectives.
RESULTS: The findings revealed the following: (1) the difficulty of the 10 items increased in a monotonous pattern from easier to harder, represented by logits (-2.43, -1.78, -1.48, -0.64, -0.1, 0.33, 0.59, 1.34, 1.7, and 2.47); (2) evidence of differential item functioning was observed between gender groups for item 5 (P=.04); (3) item 5 displayed a good fit to the Rasch model (P=.61); (4) all items demonstrated a satisfactory fit to the Rasch model, indicated by Infit mean square errors below the threshold of 1.5; (5) no significant difference was found in the measures obtained between gender groups (P=.83); (6) a significant difference was observed among ability grades (P<.001); and (7) ChatGPT\'s capability was graded as A, surpassing grades B to E.
CONCLUSIONS: By using RaschOnline, this study provides evidence that ChatGPT possesses the ability to achieve a grade A when compared to a normal sample. It exhibits excellent proficiency in answering MCQs from the English tests conducted in 2023 for the Taiwan college entrance examinations.

UNASSIGNED: Limited prior research to examine co-occurrence of prescription drug misuse with other substances among young adults has documented outcomes that are more problematic for those with higher rates of co-ingesting alcohol. There is a need to understand how college students in this period of heightened risk use other salient substances in moments of their prescription misuse in daily life.
UNASSIGNED: Young-adult college students who engaged in recent prescription misuse (N = 297) completed ecological momentary assessment (EMA) over a 28-day period, resulting in 23,578 reports. Multilevel modeling examined within-person associations between other momentary substance use (including alcohol, nicotine, energy drinks, and marijuana) and prescription misuse in daily life. Analyses accounted for between-person characteristics, having a current focal prescription, and effects of reporting over time. Participant sex was also explored as a moderator.
UNASSIGNED: In adjusted multilevel models, college students\' momentary nicotine use and energy drink use each were associated with their greater likelihood of prescription misuse in daily life. In contrast, momentary marijuana use was linked with lower likelihood of misuse. Moderation results indicated that males (but not females) were less likely to engage in prescription misuse in moments of their alcohol use.
UNASSIGNED: Drawing from data obtained using EMA, findings provide novel insights about the real-world associations between prescription drug misuse and other salient substance behaviors during a developmental period that is important for establishing later substance use and health.

UNASSIGNED: Early medical attention after concussion may minimize symptom duration and burden; however, many concussions are undiagnosed or have a delay in diagnosis after injury. Many concussion symptoms (eg, headache, dizziness) are not visible, meaning that early identification is often contingent on individuals reporting their injury to medical staff. A fundamental understanding of the types and levels of factors that explain when concussions are reported can help identify promising directions for intervention.
UNASSIGNED: To identify individual and institutional factors that predict immediate (vs delayed) injury reporting.
UNASSIGNED: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.
UNASSIGNED: This study was a secondary analysis of data from the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium study. The sample included 3213 collegiate athletes and military service academy cadets who were diagnosed with a concussion during the study period. Participants were from 27 civilian institutions and 3 military institutions in the United States. Machine learning techniques were used to build models predicting who would report an injury immediately after a concussive event (measured by an athletic trainer denoting the injury as being reported \"immediately\" or \"at a delay\"), including both individual athlete/cadet and institutional characteristics.
UNASSIGNED: In the sample as a whole, combining individual factors enabled prediction of reporting immediacy, with mean accuracies between 55.8% and 62.6%, depending on classifier type and sample subset; adding institutional factors improved reporting prediction accuracies by 1 to 6 percentage points. At the individual level, injury-related altered mental status and loss of consciousness were most predictive of immediate reporting, which may be the result of observable signs leading to the injury report being externally mediated. At the institutional level, important attributes included athletic department annual revenue and ratio of athletes to athletic trainers.
UNASSIGNED: Further study is needed on the pathways through which institutional decisions about resource allocation, including decisions about sports medicine staffing, may contribute to reporting immediacy. More broadly, the relatively low accuracy of the machine learning models tested suggests the importance of continued expansion in how reporting is understood and facilitated.

Objective: To examine trends in self-reported psychological distress among Canadian postsecondary students between 2020 and 2023. Participants and Methods: Using data collected from postsecondary students (n = 103,936) through the Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey (CCWS), multilevel regression models were fitted to determine how distress levels, as measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, differed across six-time points of the CCWS. Results: Across the cycles, students reported high levels of distress (mean across cycles = 26.16, SD = 8.61). Considering the impact of time on distress, when compared to pre-COVID-19 pandemic, Fall 2020 (β = 1.4, p < .001), Spring 2021 (β = 1.2, p < .001), Spring 2022 (β = 1.6, p < .001), and Spring 2023 (β = 0.80, p < .017) had significantly higher levels of distress. Distress levels were associated with ancestry, age, gender, and sexual orientation. Conclusion: It is imperative to develop strategies and allocate resources to address the high levels of psychological distress among Canadian postsecondary students.

Research indicates widespread unhealthy eating habits among college students, posing long-term health risks. This study at a Historically Black College and University (HBCU) aimed to explore the perceived obstacles and facilitators to healthy eating among college students, using the social ecological model (SEM). Through focus group discussions and key informant interviews, the study identified several barriers to healthy eating, including challenges in accessing federal food assistance resources, gaps in nutrition knowledge, cost concerns, limited food variety on campus, difficulty accessing grocery stores, and a lack of cooking skills. To address these barriers, participants suggested various solutions, such as implementing cooking demonstrations, providing nutrition education, increasing food variety on campus, offering gardening opportunities, adjusting cafeteria hours for more flexibility, making fresh produce more available on campus, assisting students in accessing federal food assistance programs, and providing transportation to nearby grocery stores. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to promote healthier dietary behaviors among college students, particularly those attending HBCUs. By addressing the identified barriers and implementing the suggested solutions, initiatives can be developed to support students in making healthier food choices, ultimately reducing long-term health risks associated with unhealthy eating habits.

UNASSIGNED: College students with ADHD have difficulties with emotion regulation and have poorer academic skills than peers without ADHD; however, less is known regarding the relation between ADHD symptoms, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS), and learning effectiveness.
UNASSIGNED: We examined whether maladaptive CERS predicted learning effectiveness, and whether this relation was moderated by ADHD symptoms.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional online survey.
UNASSIGNED: College students (N = 4,183; Mage = 19.24; 70.1% female) at eight universities completed a battery as part of a larger study.
UNASSIGNED: College students in our elevated ADHD group used significantly more maladaptive CERS and performed worse in three domains of learning effectiveness (i.e., Academic Self-Efficacy [ASE], Organization and Attention to Study [OAS], Stress and Time Press [STP]) than college students in our non-ADHD group. Further, ADHD symptoms moderated the relation between maladaptive CERS and OAS, such that individuals with the highest levels of ADHD symptoms were less impacted by maladaptive CERS.
UNASSIGNED: Increased use of maladaptive CERS is unique to ADHD rather than lack of adaptive CERS. Also, maladaptive CERS and low ADHD symptoms interact to predict poor OAS. Interventions for college students, regardless of ADHD status, should incorporate emotion regulation components to improve learning effectiveness.

Utilizing the High School Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative sample of U.S. high school students, this study investigates the factors that predict different beliefs about gendered math ability and the potential consequences for students\' choices to enter gender-segregated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors in college. Among other results, analyses reveal that while about 25 percent of students report a traditionally stereotypical belief in male superiority, about 20 percent report a counter-stereotypical belief in female superiority; among female students, such beliefs are more common among black students. Further, models reveal a robust association between holding counter-stereotypical beliefs and the likelihood that women choose biological science majors, which are female dominated, compared to non-STEM fields. Among men, holding counter-stereotypical beliefs is associated with a lower likelihood of majoring in physical science, computer science, math, and engineering fields, which are strongly male dominated, versus non-STEM fields. Implications for gender inequality in STEM fields are discussed.

UNASSIGNED: The Exercise is Medicine® On Campus (EIM-OC) international campaign leverages university resources (e.g., health centers, recreation, and kinesiology departments) to encourage students, faculty, and staff to integrate physical activity into campus culture. This involves evaluating student physical activity levels during health visits and establishing referral systems for exercise prescriptions. EIM-OC allows universities to earn tiered recognition (Gold, Silver, or Bronze) based on their on-campus physical activity promotion and integration. For Gold recognition, schools must incorporate routine physical activity assessments into their health system, ultimately connecting healthcare providers with health/fitness professionals (HFPs, e.g., campus recreation professionals, kinesiology professors). This research worked to uncover pivotal factors driving EIM-OC on-campus collaborations through HFPs\' perspectives.
UNASSIGNED: HFPs (n = 11) working full-time at a Gold-level institution (n = 10 in United States) participated. Semi-structured, Zoom-recorded interviews with a generic qualitative research design were completed between June and September 2022.
UNASSIGNED: Major thematic findings included the importance of tangible support (e.g., personnel), encounters with both trust and tension cross-campus, positive student development opportunities, and variations in outcome reporting and program evaluation. Faculty and staff emphasized the need for methods to obtain and sustain program funding. Participants also expressed the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to increase the collective impact of EIM-OC on student health and overall collegiate success.
UNASSIGNED: HFPs expanded on their EIM-OC experiences and program sustainment or growth requirements. With increased interdisciplinary collaboration, rigor in outcome reporting, and tangible resources, the collective impact of EIM-OC on student health outcomes and overall collegiate success could be greatly perpetuated.

Heavy alcohol drinking is a major, preventable problem that adversely impacts the physical and mental health of US young adults. Studies seeking drinking risk factors typically focus on young adults who enrolled in 4-year residential college programs (4YCP) even though most high school graduates join the workforce, military, or community colleges. We examined 106 of these understudied young adults (USYA) and 453 4YCPs from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) by longitudinally following their drinking patterns for 8 years from adolescence to young adulthood. All participants were no-to-low drinkers during high school. Whereas 4YCP individuals were more likely to initiate heavy drinking during college years, USYA participants did so later. Using mental health metrics recorded during high school, machine learning forecasted individual-level risk for initiating heavy drinking after leaving high school. The risk factors differed between demographically matched USYA and 4YCP individuals and between sexes. Predictors for USYA drinkers were sexual abuse, physical abuse for girls, and extraversion for boys, whereas 4YCP drinkers were predicted by the ability to recognize facial emotion and, for boys, greater openness. Thus, alcohol prevention programs need to give special consideration to those joining the workforce, military, or community colleges, who make up the majority of this age group.