背景:几种药物,包括抗组胺药,可以改变唾液腺功能,导致口干或口干症。抗组胺药通常用于治疗过敏性鼻炎。
目的:本研究的目的是比较和关联第一代与第一代的影响第二代H1-抗组胺药对大鼠腮腺的影响。
方法:采用12只成年雄性白化病大鼠,4只大鼠作为对照组(Ⅰ组),其余大鼠分为2组:Ⅱ组给予盐酸异丙嗪,Ⅲ组给予盐酸西替利嗪3周。切除腮腺唾液腺,并进行组织学检查,并通过组织形态计量学分析腺泡面积百分比。此外,iNOSmRNA基因表达,使用定量实时聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)评估caspase-3和α-SMA。最后,所有获得的数据进行统计学分析。
结果:组织学,第一组显示了腺体的典型结构。在第二组中,注意到退行性变化,包括腺泡变性和收缩,结缔组织隔膜增宽,细胞内空泡化,炎症细胞浸润增加。在第三组中,与II组相似的组织学特征,但程度较小。组织形态计量学结果显示,各组之间的腺泡面积百分比存在显着差异。此外,qRT-PCR结果显示,与I组相比,II组和III组的iNOS表达显着增加,caspase-3基因表达在II组中显著增加,而在第三组中,它没有显著增加。最后,在II组和III组中,α-SMA基因表达均无显著降低。caspase-3与iNOS基因表达呈显著正相关,而caspase-3与α-SMA基因表达呈负相关。
结论:抗组胺药的给药导致大鼠唾液腺的变化,这可能是由于氧化应激的诱导和由此产生的凋亡作用。这些变化被认为主要通过对毒蕈碱受体的作用而发生;然而,不能排除对组胺受体的作用.然而,第二代抗组胺药的这些作用不太明显。
BACKGROUND: Several medications, including antihistamines, can alter salivary gland function, causing dry mouth or xerostomia. Antihistamines are commonly used for treating allergic rhinitis.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare and correlate the effects of first-generation vs. second-generation H1-antihistamines on the parotid glands of rats.
METHODS: Twelve adult male albino rats were used; 4 rats served as a control group (group I) and the remaining rats were divided into 2 groups: group II received promethazine hydrochloride; and group III received
cetirizine dihydrochloride for 3 weeks. The parotid salivary glands were dissected, and examined histologically and analyzed histomorphometrically for the acinar area percentage. In addition, mRNA gene expression of iNOS, caspase-3 and α-SMA was assessed using quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Finally, all the obtained data was statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: Histologically, group I showed the typical architecture of the gland. In group II, degenerative changes were noticed, including acinar degeneration and shrinkage with widened connective tissue septa, intracellular vacuolization, and increased inflammatory cell infiltration. In group III, similar histological features were detected as in group II, but to a lesser extent. Histomorphometric results revealed significant differences in the acinar area percentage between various groups. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed a significant increase in iNOS expression in both groups II and III as compared to group I, caspase-3 gene expression was significantly increased in group II, while in group III, it increased non-significantly. Finally, α-SMA gene expression non-significantly decreased in both groups II and III. A significant positive correlation was observed between caspase-3 and iNOS gene expression, while an inverse correlation was noticed between caspase-3 and α-SMA gene expression.
CONCLUSIONS: The administration of antihistamines resulted in changes in the rat salivary glands, which could be due to the induction of oxidative stress and the resultant apoptotic effect. These changes were suggested to occur mainly through action on muscarinic receptors; yet, action on histamine receptors could not be excluded. However; these effects were less marked with the second-generation antihistamine.