背景:利用免费的智能手机应用程序可以帮助扩大基于证据的戒烟干预措施的可用性和使用范围。然而,有必要进行额外的研究,调查如何使用不同的功能,在这样的应用程序影响他们的有效性。
目的:我们使用从公开可用的戒烟应用程序的实验中收集的观察数据来开发监督机器学习(SML)算法,旨在区分促进成功戒烟的应用程序特征。然后,我们评估了应用程序功能使用模式在多大程度上解释了其他已知的停止预测因素无法解释的停止差异(例如,烟草使用行为)。
方法:数据来自一项实验(ClinicalTrials.govNCT04623736),该实验测试了美国国家癌症研究所退出START应用程序中激励生态瞬时评估的影响。参与者(N=133)应用程序活动,包括他们在应用程序中采取的每一个行动及其相应的时间戳,被记录下来。在实验开始时测量了人口统计学和基线烟草使用特征,并且在基线后4周测量短期戒烟(7天点患病率戒烟).使用Logistic回归SML建模从28个变量中估计参与者停止的概率,这些变量反映了参与者对不同应用特征的使用,指定的实验条件,和电话类型(iPhone[AppleInc]或Android[Google])。首先将SML模型拟合在训练集(n=100)中,然后在保留测试集(n=33)中评估其准确性。在测试集中,似然比检验(n=30)评估是否将SML预测的停止概率添加到包括人口统计学和烟草使用的逻辑回归模型中(例如,polyuse)变量解释了4周停止的额外差异。
结果:保留测试集中的SML模型的敏感性(0.67)和特异性(0.67)表明,使用不同应用程序特征的个体模式可以合理地预测戒烟。似然比检验表明,逻辑回归,其中包括SML模型预测的概率,在统计学上等同于仅包括人口统计学和烟草使用变量的模型(P=.16)。
结论:通过SML利用用户数据可以帮助确定最有用的戒烟应用程序的功能。这种方法论方法可以应用于未来的研究,重点是戒烟应用程序的功能,以告知戒烟应用程序的开发和改进。
背景:ClinicalTrials.govNCT04623736;https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04623736。
BACKGROUND: Leveraging free smartphone apps can help expand the availability and use of evidence-based smoking
cessation interventions. However, there is a need for additional research investigating how the use of different features within such apps impacts their effectiveness.
OBJECTIVE: We used observational data collected from an experiment of a publicly available smoking cessation app to develop supervised machine learning (SML) algorithms intended to distinguish the app features that promote successful smoking cessation. We then assessed the extent to which patterns of app feature use accounted for variance in
cessation that could not be explained by other known predictors of
cessation (eg, tobacco use behaviors).
METHODS: Data came from an experiment (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04623736) testing the impacts of incentivizing ecological momentary assessments within the National Cancer Institute\'s quitSTART app. Participants\' (N=133) app activity, including every action they took within the app and its corresponding time stamp, was recorded. Demographic and baseline tobacco use characteristics were measured at the start of the experiment, and short-term smoking cessation (7-day point prevalence abstinence) was measured at 4 weeks after baseline. Logistic regression SML modeling was used to estimate participants\' probability of
cessation from 28 variables reflecting participants\' use of different app features, assigned experimental conditions, and phone type (iPhone [Apple Inc] or Android [Google]). The SML model was first fit in a training set (n=100) and then its accuracy was assessed in a held-aside test set (n=33). Within the test set, a likelihood ratio test (n=30) assessed whether adding individuals\' SML-predicted probabilities of cessation to a logistic regression model that included demographic and tobacco use (eg, polyuse) variables explained additional variance in 4-week cessation.
RESULTS: The SML model\'s sensitivity (0.67) and specificity (0.67) in the held-aside test set indicated that individuals\' patterns of using different app features predicted cessation with reasonable accuracy. The likelihood ratio test showed that the logistic regression, which included the SML model-predicted probabilities, was statistically equivalent to the model that only included the demographic and tobacco use variables (P=.16).
CONCLUSIONS: Harnessing user data through SML could help determine the features of smoking cessation apps that are most useful. This methodological approach could be applied in future research focusing on smoking cessation app features to inform the development and improvement of smoking
cessation apps.
BACKGROUND: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04623736; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04623736.