PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the risks for all-cause death and death from cancer or cardiovascular diseases due to smoking status and behavior, focusing on differences in smoking duration and amount stratified by sex.
METHODS: The integrated Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study provided data for 209770 individuals who were classified as never, former, or current smokers, based on their current smoking status. Pack-years were computed using daily average smoking amount and total smoking duration, and were categorized into quantiles separately for men and women. Based on the number of deaths in 2018, hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for all-cause mortality, as well as for death caused by all cancers, lung cancer, and cardiovascular diseases according to pack-years adjusted for age, household income, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, and alcohol consumption.
RESULTS: A significant increase in the risk of all-cause mortality was observed for current smokers (men HR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.69-2.14; women HR=2.25; 95% CI: 1.68-2.99) and former smokers (men HR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.17-1.47; women HR=2.35; 95% CI: 1.63-3.39) compared with that for those who had never smoked. Among men, HR for death from lung cancer was 3.13 (95% CI: 2.06-4.75) in former smokers and tended to increase with each pack-year quantile (range HR: 5.72-17.11). Among women, the HR was estimated to be 17.20 (95% CI: 6.22-47.57) only for >3rd quantile.
CONCLUSIONS: Smoking increases the risks of all-cause death. Considering the persistent risks post-smoking cessation, it is vital to focus on preventing smoking initiation and providing proactive support for successful smoking cessation and maintenance of a smoke-free lifestyle.
METHODS: The integrated Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study provided data for 209770 individuals who were classified as never, former, or current smokers, based on their current smoking status. Pack-years were computed using daily average smoking amount and total smoking duration, and were categorized into quantiles separately for men and women. Based on the number of deaths in 2018, hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for all-cause mortality, as well as for death caused by all cancers, lung cancer, and cardiovascular diseases according to pack-years adjusted for age, household income, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, and alcohol consumption.
RESULTS: A significant increase in the risk of all-cause mortality was observed for current smokers (men HR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.69-2.14; women HR=2.25; 95% CI: 1.68-2.99) and former smokers (men HR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.17-1.47; women HR=2.35; 95% CI: 1.63-3.39) compared with that for those who had never smoked. Among men, HR for death from lung cancer was 3.13 (95% CI: 2.06-4.75) in former smokers and tended to increase with each pack-year quantile (range HR: 5.72-17.11). Among women, the HR was estimated to be 17.20 (95% CI: 6.22-47.57) only for >3rd quantile.
CONCLUSIONS: Smoking increases the risks of all-cause death. Considering the persistent risks post-smoking cessation, it is vital to focus on preventing smoking initiation and providing proactive support for successful smoking cessation and maintenance of a smoke-free lifestyle.
摘要：
背景：这项研究调查了由于吸烟状况和行为导致的全因死亡和癌症或心血管疾病死亡的风险，关注吸烟时间和数量的差异，按性别分层。
方法：韩国基因组和流行病学综合研究提供了209770人的数据，这些人被归类为从未，前者,或目前的吸烟者，根据他们目前的吸烟状况。包年使用每日平均吸烟量和总吸烟持续时间计算，并分别为男性和女性分为分位数。根据2018年的死亡人数，估计了全因死亡率的危险比（HR）。以及所有癌症导致的死亡，肺癌,根据年龄调整后的包年和心血管疾病，家庭收入,婚姻状况,身体质量指数,身体活动,和酒精消费。
结果：目前吸烟者(男性HR=1.90;95%CI:1.69-2.14;女性HR=2.25;95%CI:1.68-2.99)和以前吸烟者(男性HR=1.31;95%CI:1.17-1.47;女性HR=2.35;95%CI:1.63-3.39)与从未吸烟者相比，全因死亡风险显著增加。在男性中,在前吸烟者中，肺癌死亡的HR为3.13（95％CI：2.06-4.75），并且随着每包年分位数而增加（范围HR：5.72-17.11）。在女性中,仅对于>3分位数，HR估计为17.20（95％CI：6.22-47.57）。
结论：吸烟会增加全因死亡的风险。考虑到戒烟后的持续风险，重点是预防吸烟,并为成功戒烟和维持无烟生活方式提供积极的支持.
方法：韩国基因组和流行病学综合研究提供了209770人的数据，这些人被归类为从未，前者,或目前的吸烟者，根据他们目前的吸烟状况。包年使用每日平均吸烟量和总吸烟持续时间计算，并分别为男性和女性分为分位数。根据2018年的死亡人数，估计了全因死亡率的危险比（HR）。以及所有癌症导致的死亡，肺癌,根据年龄调整后的包年和心血管疾病，家庭收入,婚姻状况,身体质量指数,身体活动,和酒精消费。
结果：目前吸烟者(男性HR=1.90;95%CI:1.69-2.14;女性HR=2.25;95%CI:1.68-2.99)和以前吸烟者(男性HR=1.31;95%CI:1.17-1.47;女性HR=2.35;95%CI:1.63-3.39)与从未吸烟者相比，全因死亡风险显著增加。在男性中,在前吸烟者中，肺癌死亡的HR为3.13（95％CI：2.06-4.75），并且随着每包年分位数而增加（范围HR：5.72-17.11）。在女性中,仅对于>3分位数，HR估计为17.20（95％CI：6.22-47.57）。
结论：吸烟会增加全因死亡的风险。考虑到戒烟后的持续风险，重点是预防吸烟,并为成功戒烟和维持无烟生活方式提供积极的支持.
