背景:二氧化钛纳米颗粒(TiO2NP)广泛用于医学应用。然而,尚未完全评估相关健康风险,特别是诱导动脉血栓形成(AT)的潜力。
方法:使用健康成年男性的外周血样本和体内小鼠模型检查了由TiO2NP诱导的血小板功能和动脉血栓形成的易感性的变化。分别。
结果:这里,使用从健康志愿者中新鲜分离的人血小板(hPLTs),我们证明TiO2NP处理通过磷脂酰丝氨酸暴露和微泡生成触发了hPLT的促凝血活性。此外,TiO2NP处理增加糖蛋白IIb/IIIa和P-选择素的水平,导致hPLT的聚集和活化,提供模仿生理的条件加剧了这种情况,包括引入凝血酶,胶原蛋白,和高剪切应力。有趣的是,TiO2NP处理后,hPLTs中的细胞内钙水平增加,这对TiO2NP诱导的hPLT促凝血活性至关重要,激活和聚合。此外,使用小鼠体内模型,我们进一步证实TiO2NP治疗小鼠血小板(mPLT)计数减少,血流中断,并加剧颈动脉血栓形成,mPLT沉积增强。
结论:一起,我们的研究提供了TiO2NP引起的健康风险被忽视的证据,特别是TiO2NP治疗增加促凝血活性,通过钙依赖性机制激活和聚集血小板,从而增加AT的风险。
BACKGROUND: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are widely used in medical application. However, the relevant health risk has not been completely assessed, the potential of inducing arterial thrombosis (AT) in particular.
METHODS: Alterations in platelet function and susceptibility to arterial thrombosis induced by TiO2NPs were examined using peripheral blood samples from healthy adult males and an in vivo mouse model, respectively.
RESULTS: Here, using human platelets (hPLTs) freshly isolated from health volunteers, we demonstrated TiO2NP treatment triggered the procoagulant activity of hPLTs through phosphatidylserine exposure and microvesicles generation. In addition, TiO2NP treatment increased the levels of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and P-selectin leading to aggregation and activation of hPLTs, which were exacerbated by providing physiology-mimicking conditions, including introduction of thrombin, collagen, and high shear stress. Interestingly, intracellular calcium levels in hPLTs were increased upon TiO2NP treatment, which were crucial in TiO2NP-induced hPLT procoagulant activity, activation and aggregation. Moreover, using mice in vivo models, we further confirmed that TiO2NP treatment a reduction in mouse platelet (mPLT) counts, disrupted blood flow, and exacerbated carotid arterial thrombosis with enhanced deposition of mPLT.
CONCLUSIONS: Together, our study provides evidence for an ignored health risk caused by TiO2NPs, specifically TiO2NP treatment augments procoagulant activity, activation and aggregation of PLTs via calcium-dependent mechanism and thus increases the risk of AT.