UNASSIGNED: This research was to innovate a nanozyme-based therapeutic strategy that combines aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizers with copper nanozymes. This approach is designed to address the hypoxic conditions often found in bacterial infections and aims to boost the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) by ensuring sufficient oxygen supply for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
UNASSIGNED: Our approach involved the synthesis of dihydroxyl triphenyl vinyl pyridine (DHTPY)-Cu@zoledronic acid (ZOL) nanozyme particles. We initially synthesized DHTPY and then combined it with copper nanozymes to form the DHTPY-Cu@ZOL composite. The nanozyme\'s size, morphology, and chemical properties were characterized using various techniques, including dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo tests to evaluate the photodynamic, antibacterial, and wound-healing properties of the DHTPY-Cu@ZOL nanozymes, including their oxygen-generation capacity, ROS production, and antibacterial efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
UNASSIGNED: The DHTPY-Cu@ZOL exhibited proficient H2O2 scavenging and oxygen generation, crucial for enhancing PDT in oxygen-deprived infection environments. Our in vitro analysis revealed a notable antibacterial effect against MRSA, suggesting the nanozymes\' potential to disrupt bacterial cell membranes. Further, in vivo studies using a diabetic rat model with MRSA-infected wounds showed that DHTPY-Cu@ZOL markedly improved wound healing and reduced bacterial presence, underscoring its efficacy as a non-antibiotic approach for chronic infections.
UNASSIGNED: Our study suggests that DHTPY-Cu@ZOL is a highly promising approach for combating antibiotic-resistant microbial pathogens and biofilms. The biocompatibility and stability of these nanozyme particles, coupled with their improved PDT efficacy position them as a promising candidate for clinical applications.

UNASSIGNED: Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) has been extensively studied because of its potential applications such as precise controllability, high spatiotemporal accuracy, and non-invasiveness. More importantly, it is difficult for bacteria to develop resistance to the aforementioned PDATs. However, the selectivity of traditional PDAT methods to bacteria is generally poor, so it has been proposed to introduce positively charged components such as quaternary ammonium salts to enhance the targeting of bacteria; however, they always possess high toxicity to normal cells. As a result, measures should be taken to enhance the targeting of bacteria and avoid side effects on normal cells.
UNASSIGNED: In our work, we creatively design a nanoplatform with high anti-bacterial efficiency, low side effects and its size is approximately 121 nm. BSA, as a nanocarrier, encapsulates the photosensitizer (E)-4-(4-(diphenylamino)styryl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium with AIE properties named as BSA-Tpy, which increases its circulation time in vivo and improves the biocompatibility. Under acidic conditions (pH = 5.0), the surface positive charge of the BSA-Tpy is increased to +18.8 mV due to protonation of amine residues to achieve the targeting effect on bacteria. Besides, under the irradiation of white light, the BSA-Tpy will produce ROS to kill bacteria efficiently about 99.99% for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which shows the potential application value for the treatment of infected wounds.
UNASSIGNED: We have developed a feasible method for photodynamic antibacterial therapy, possessing excellent biocompatibility and high antibacterial efficiency with good fluorescence imaging property.

Estrogen receptor is an attractive target for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. This article reports for the first time a dual-modality imaging agent targeting estrogen receptor that can use PET imaging to diagnose breast cancer and utilize fluorescence imaging to achieve intraoperative navigation. Fluorescence experiments show that [natGa] 1 has typical aggregate induced emission characteristics. Above the critical concentration, [natGa] 1 can form biocompatible nanomicelles. [natGa] 1 can quickly light up estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 cells. Cell uptake experiments show that [68Ga] 1 is mediated by estrogen receptor. Therefore, [nat/68Ga] 1 shows the characteristics of highly sensitive diagnosis and visualization of breast cancer, and can be used as a lead compound for the development of a novel PET-FI bimodal imaging agent targeting the estrogen receptor.

Aromatase is an attractive target for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. To combine the anti-photobleaching properties of Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) with the high sensitivity and whole-body imaging characteristics of positron emission tomography (PET), we designed a bifunctional complexing agent with AIE characteristics by modifying the structure of tetraphenylethene, which is linked with triazole derivatives capable of complexing with natGa3+/68Ga3+ to obtain [natGa/68Ga] 2 for targeting the aromatase. [natGa] 2 has typical AIE characteristics, which can form uniform nanomicelles above the critical micelle concentration, and illuminate estrogen receptor (+) MCF-7 cells. [natGa] 2 itself is almost nonemissive in PBS buffer solution, but it turns on its fluorescence upon interaction with human aromatase, with a detection limit of 0.15 μg/mL [68Ga] 2 is easy to prepare and has high stability. Compared to the estrogen receptor that is negatively expressed by MDA-MB-231  cells, MCF-7  cells positively expressing estrogen have a higher uptake of [natGa] 2. The distribution of aromatase in a tumor can be co-localized by using [68Ga] 2. These results can be used to effectively assess estrogen receptor status and aromatase levels at the cellular level. We anticipate that this research could provide a new strategy for the fabrication of PET probes with AIE characteristics, providing useful probes for PET- FL (Fluorescence imaging) bimodal imaging.

Regioisomeric acceptor-donor (AD) molecular rotors (p-AD, m-AD and m-ADA) were synthesized and characterized, wherein dyads p-AD and m-AD, and triad m-ADA contained 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) and benzodithiophene (BDT) as electron-acceptor and electron-donor, respectively. In all the compounds, the donor and acceptor moieties are electronically decoupled by a phenyl spacer, either through a para coupling or through a meta coupling. The dyad counterparts p-AD and m-AD showed distinct photophysical characteristics in which dyad p-AD showed TICT band at ca. 654 nm characterized by a Stokes shift of ca. 150 nm and prominent solvatochromism. However, meta regioisomeric triad m-ADA showed well-defined aggregation in solution. Notably, because of the temperature-tunable and solvent-viscosity-dependent emission, efficient ratiometric temperature sensing with positive and negative temperature coefficients and viscosity sensing was observed for all compounds. Interestingly, the fluorescence of dyad m-AD (in 10/90 v/v THF/water) revealed a near-white light emission with CIE chromaticity coordinates (x, y) of (0.32, 0.29). Furthermore, the fluorescence emission of p-AD in THF at 0 °C also showed a near-white light emission with chromaticity coordinates (x, y) of (0.34, 0.27). Such multifunctional rotors with readily tunable emission in the red region and prominent temperature- and viscosity-sensing abilities are promising for sensing and bioimaging applications.