全球,栽培植物和野生植物都由蜜蜂授粉,蜜蜂。由于各种因素,蜜蜂数量正在下降,包括增加农药的使用。Cyflumetofen控制一些蜜蜂授粉的种植园中的害虫螨,可能被这种农药的残留亚致死浓度污染,花蜜和花粉。我们评估了亚致死浓度的环氟美托芬制剂对中肠的影响,下咽腺,A.mellifera工人的脂肪体口服暴露72小时或10天。处理蜜蜂的中肠上皮呈现消化细胞的细胞质液泡和一些细胞碎片,表明自噬和细胞死亡。暴露于环氟美托芬制剂72小时后,中肠显示出比对照蜜蜂更高的伤害率,但10天后,器官已经康复。在接受治疗的蜜蜂的下咽腺中,末端器官充满了分泌物,这表明杀螨剂干扰了该腺体的分泌调节。组织化学测试显示,在中肠和下咽腺的两个暴露期,处理过的蜜蜂存在差异。杀螨剂对中肠消化细胞产生细胞毒性作用,有顶端突起,质膜破裂,和细胞质中的几个液泡,细胞变性的特征。在接受治疗的蜜蜂的下咽腺体中,分泌细胞呈现小的电子致密和大的电子透明分泌颗粒。与对照蜜蜂相比,脂肪体细胞没有变化。总之,亚致死浓度的环氟美托芬制剂会对蜜蜂的中肠和下咽腺造成损害,这可能会损害这些器官的功能和殖民地的适应性。环境毒物化学2024;00:1-11。©2024SETAC。
Worldwide, both cultivated and wild plants are pollinated by the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Bee numbers are declining as a result of a variety of factors, including increased pesticide use. Cyflumetofen controls pest mites in some plantations pollinated by bees, which may be contaminated with residual sublethal concentrations of this pesticide, in nectar and pollen. We evaluated the effects of a sublethal concentration of a cyflumetofen formulation on the midgut, hypopharyngeal gland, and fat body of A. mellifera workers orally exposed for 72 h or 10 days. The midgut epithelium of treated bees presented digestive cells with cytoplasm vacuoles and some cell fragmentation, indicating autophagy and cell death. After being exposed to the cyflumetofen formulation for 72 h, the midgut showed a higher injury rate than the control bees, but after 10 days, the organs had recovered. In the hypopharyngeal gland of treated bees, the end apparatus was filled with secretion, suggesting that the
acaricide interferes with the secretory regulation of this gland. Histochemical tests revealed differences in the treated bees in both exposure periods in the midgut and hypopharyngeal glands. The
acaricide caused cytotoxic effects on the midgut digestive cells, with apical protrusions, plasma membrane rupture, and several vacuoles in the cytoplasm, features of cell degeneration. In the hypopharyngeal glands of the treated bees, the secretory cells presented small electron-dense and large electron-lucent secretory granules. The fat body cells had no changes in comparison with the control bees. In conclusion, the cyflumetofen formulation at sublethal concentrations causes damage to the midgut and the hypopharyngeal glands of honey bee, which may compromise the functions of these organs and colony fitness. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-11. © 2024 SETAC.