目前工作的目的是比较(聚)酚概况(游离,可溶性结合物,和不溶性结合)和使用不同提取方法(常规与超声辅助提取[UAE]),并使用Plackett-Burman设计实验确定通过UAE提取(聚)酚的最关键变量。使用Plackett-Burman设计,七个因素,即,乙醇浓度,液固比(mL/g),超声波发生器,振幅(%),提取时间,萃取剂pH值,和提取周期,被研究过。在使用常规提取方法研究了这些因素后,对23种化合物进行了定量,原儿茶酸和儿茶素是主要的(多)酚。此外,(多)酚在细胞内的分布变化,糖基化槲皮素和咖啡酰基莽草酸主要以游离形式存在。超声辅助提取在提取游离和可溶性共轭(聚)酚方面表现出效率。然而,它在提取不溶性结合(聚)酚方面显示出局限性。然而,在常规提取和UAE后显示出相似量的总(多)酚,也就是说,259.69±43.54和189.00±3.08毫克/100克枣子粉,分别。Plackett-Burman设计揭示了液固比是影响(聚)酚提取的关键因素,与更高的比率产生更好的结果。超声波发生器的选择也影响了提取效率,强调直径较小但位移幅度较高的超声焊极显示出最佳的多酚回收率和抗氧化活性值。(多)酚的性质对所研究的提取变量的影响不同,强调提取过程的复杂性。在这行,纯水足以在阿联酋之后提取黄烷-3-醇,而乙醇是提取槲皮素的关键因素。这些发现强调了优化提取方法的重要性,以最大程度地从酸枣种子粉中回收(聚)酚,用于食品和药理学行业的各种应用。
The aim of the current work was to compare the (poly)phenol profile (free, soluble-conjugate, and insoluble-bound) and antioxidant activity of date palm seed flour using different extraction methods (conventional vs. ultrasound-assisted extraction [UAE]) and to determine the most critical variables in the extraction of (poly)phenols through UAE using the Plackett-Burman design experiment. Using the Plackett-Burman design, seven factors, namely, ethanol concentration, liquid:solid ratio (mL/g), sonotrode, amplitude (%), extraction time, extractant pH, and extraction cycle, were studied. After the factors were studied using conventional extraction methods, 23 compounds were quantified, with protocatechuic acid and catechin being the predominant (poly)phenols. Furthermore, the distribution of (poly)phenols within the cell varied, with glycosylated quercetins and caffeoyl shikimic acids predominantly found in free forms. Ultrasound-assisted extraction demonstrated efficiency in extracting free and soluble-conjugate (poly)phenols. However, it showed limitations in extracting insoluble-bound (poly)phenols. Nevertheless, similar amounts of total (poly)phenols were shown after conventional extraction and UAE, that is, 259.69 ± 43.54 and 189.00 ± 3.08 mg/100 g date seed flour, respectively. The Plackett-Burman design revealed the liquid-solid ratio as a crucial factor affecting (poly)phenol extraction, with higher ratios yielding better results. The sonotrode choice also influenced the extraction efficiency, highlighting that the sonotrode with a smaller diameter but higher displacement amplitude showed the best polyphenol recovery and antioxidant activity values. The nature of (poly)phenols influenced the studied extraction variables differently, emphasizing the complexity of the extraction process. In this line, pure water was sufficient to extract flavan-3-ols after UAE, whereas ethanol was a crucial factor in extracting quercetin. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing extraction methods for maximizing (poly)phenol recovery from date palm seed flour for various applications in food and pharmacology industries.