As the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare is expanding, patients in the European Union (EU) are increasingly subjected to automated medical decision-making. This development poses challenges to the protection of patients\' rights. A specific patients\' right not to be subject to automated medical decision-making is not considered part of the traditional portfolio of patients\' rights. The EU AI Act also does not contain such a right. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) does, however, provide for the right \'not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing\' in Article 22. At the same time, this provision has been severely critiqued in legal scholarship because of its lack of practical effectiveness. However, in December 2023, the Court of Justice of the EU first provided an interpretation of this right in C-634/21 (SCHUFA)-although in the context of credit scoring. Against this background, this article provides a critical analysis of the application of Article 22 GDPR to the medical context. The objective is to evaluate whether Article 22 GDPR may provide patients with the right to refuse automated medical decision-making. It proposes a health-conformant reading to strengthen patients\' rights in the EU.

BACKGROUND: Participation rights of children in residential care have not been frequently explored despite the positive effects of participation on their subjective well-being (SWB).
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of six rights-related perceptions with the SWB of children and adolescents in residential care.
METHODS: N = 268, 9-19-year-olds living in residential care.
METHODS: Five rights-related perceptions were analysed according to scores in two cognitive and two affective SWB scales, through descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS: The more children feel adults at home and at school listen to them and take their say into account, the more they feel they are treated fairly by these adults, and the more they perceive adults in general in their country respect children\'s rights, the higher are their observed SWB scores. The majority rights-related perceptions showed significant effects on positive SWB indicators. However, only they believe that adults in general in their country respect children\'s rights displayed effects on Negative Affect. Girls\' SWB showed lower scores than boys\', and girls\' rights-related perceptions displayed more effects on their SWB than boys\'.
CONCLUSIONS: There are important percentages of children in residential care who do not feel they are able to participate in aspects of their own lives that directly affect them and their SWB. Children in residential care display lower scores in all the positive measures, especially girls and exceptionally higher scores in the negative affect than the overall Chilean children\'s population.

Mental disorders are a serious problem in modern society. They affect millions of people around the world and have a significant impact on the quality of life and people\'s ability to function in a normal environment. In this regard, the issues of ensuring the rights of citizens suffering from mental disorders do not lose their relevance and require special attention from doctors, lawyers and the scientific community. There are a number of reasons for this, including: 1) an increase in the incidence of mental disorders among the population, especially among socially vulnerable groups such as refugees, orphans, victims of hostilities and natural disasters; 2) medical care for mentally ill people can be provided forcibly, and therefore requires firmly established procedural standards; 3) mentally ill people often pose a danger to both for themselves and for society, therefore, the existence of fair law-restrictive measures is necessary; 4) persons with the status of mentally ill should have guarantees of social protection and integration into society without violating personal freedom (in the case when patients are not socially dangerous). On September 1, 2024, Federal Law No. 465-FZ dated 08/04/2023 «On Amendments to the Law of the Russian Federation «On Psychiatric Care and Guarantees of Citizens\' Rights in its Provision» will enter into force. This paper analyzes the adopted amendments, how they will affect law enforcement practice, whether they will create even more grounds for restricting the rights of patients in psychiatric hospitals, or are aimed at improving the legal regulation of psychiatric care.

The progress of transgender rights in India has seen significant strides with milestones such as the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) judgment and the enactment of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act in 2019. The NALSA judgment recognized the right of transgender individuals to self-identify their gender. This decision led to the formal recognition of a \'third gender\', advancing legislative and social reforms. Prior to this, transgender individuals faced substantial hurdles, including limited access to education, employment, and healthcare due to a lack of legal recognition. Within a few years, The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act established a framework that safeguards the rights of transgender individuals and prohibits discrimination based on gender. This legislation requires the government to take measures like promoting education, providing vocational training opportunities, ensuring accessible healthcare services, and offering social security support. It also addresses the healthcare needs of transgender individuals thereby contributing to their overall well being. The Support for Marginalised Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise (SMILE) program and Garima Greh are initiatives that provide spaces and empower a marginalized transgender individuals and promoting their inclusion, justice and empowerment. This article explores the progress pertaining to transgender rights and welfare, while highlighting efforts undertaken by the Indian government.

BACKGROUND: Children\'s participation in research is a rights-based principle. However, young children are often excluded from research on sensitive topics, due to gatekeepers concerns that participation would cause distress/re-traumatization and conflict with the principle of providing adequate protection from harm.
OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence around young children\'s feelings, including potential distress, and beliefs in mixed-method interviews about violence and difficult experiences.
METHODS: Data were collected from South African interviewer focus group discussions and young child (age 6-10) interviews, along with observations and fieldnotes from young child (age 6-17) interviews.
METHODS: We collected and analyzed qualitative data focused on children\'s displayed and reported emotions and beliefs in violence-focused interviews.
RESULTS: Findings showed the quantitative interview was frequently a positive experience for young children, and children who became upset or emotional stated their feelings were due to violence they experienced. The interviewer seemed to represent a safe person to whom the child could disclose. The play- and arts-based methods of the interview were useful in building this safety and providing space for children to regulate difficult emotions.
CONCLUSIONS: In a carefully managed interview environment using developmentally appropriate methods, young children are enthusiastic participants and do not appear to experience undue distress or trauma when asked about violence and other sensitive topics. Findings demonstrate that young children can be safely included in research about violence and issues that impact them and can exercise their right to participation when research methods, environments, and safeguards are appropriately adapted to their needs.

The political empowerment of women is a societal process crucial to development and progress. The V-Dem women\'s political empowerment index (WPEI) provides information about women\'s civil liberties, civil society participation, and political participation globally. Spanning from 1900 to 2012, three dimensions of empowerment, and over 170 countries, it is among the most comprehensive measures of women\'s empowerment available. This paper presents a conceptualization of women\'s political empowerment and provides an overview of the construction of the index and operationalization of its three sub-dimensions: Women\'s civil liberties, civil society participation, and political participation. Compared to other indices measuring women\'s empowerment, such as the GDI, the GEM, the GII, and the CIRI data on human rights, the V-Dem index allows more precise measurement and is superior in temporal scope and coverage of countries of the Global South. The paper demonstrates the benefits of this new index and its sub-dimensions through several empirical illustrations.

This article aims to reflect on the images of childhood in videos featuring child YouTubers playing, analyzing the nature of play portrayed in them and its relationship with the child\'s right to play and be protected against any form of exploitation.
METHODS: A documentary study of 100 videos shared on YouTube was conducted, subjected to categorical content analysis with an emphasis on the modes of participation of adults and children in dialogues with the platform\'s languages present in the videos.
CONCLUSIONS: The boundaries between children\'s artistic expression and child labor exploitation are becoming increasingly challenging, with legal discussions presenting difficulties in regulation due to the home environment and predominant parental control. The analysis reveals how the videos are perceived as standardized commodities, hiding the concrete work behind an image of apparent spontaneity.
CONCLUSIONS: The research highlights contractual digital risks for children, focusing on those related to commercialization. The analyzed videos reflect an instrumentalization of the child\'s basic right to play, associated with market interests, an aspect that takes on the contours of child labor exploitation, compromising the freedom to play spontaneously.

BACKGROUND: The evolution of nursing education requires a combination of strong academic faculty and expert clinicians. Different professional growth and development pathways are necessary to build a robust faculty with clinical and research expertise. Some schools have implemented a formal clinical track (CT) to complement the traditional tenure track for the professional advancement of CT.
METHODS: The article presents a case example of how one institution maintains and advances a strong CT using the Kotter Change Model and discusses future directions.
RESULTS: The school\'s infrastructure for promotion, which follows a similar structure and guidelines as Tenure Track (TT) Promotion and Tenure Guidelines, has led to an increase in the school\'s scholarly productivity among CT faculty across ranks. Increasing poster and podium presentations as well as publications to a national and international audience results in greater reach and improved reputation for the school, both nationally and internationally.
CONCLUSIONS: While there is still work to be done to advance equity and inclusion for nursing CTs, developing and maintaining a CT with system-level structures holds significant value and provides a clear path to promotion, invests in clinical scholarship, and includes clinical faculty as full citizens in academia.

India is the largest emigrant origin country in the world. The majority of Indian emigrants work in low-wage employment in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. This paper contrasts India\'s policy responses directed at migrants living in the Gulf countries with policies targeted at those in the Global North. India has extended substantive rights and symbolic inclusion to Indian citizens and (descendants of) former citizens residing in the Global North. However, while it established a social protection framework for low-wage emigrants in the Gulf, these emigrants are often unable to access other substantive citizenship rights and are mostly ignored at the symbolic level. Through critical approaches to the study of diasporas and the lens of boundary work, this article analyzes how emigrant origin states (re-)define belonging through differentiated emigration and emigrant policies. It shows that the Indian state links inclusive/exclusive boundaries of (symbolic) national membership, inherent in emigration and emigrant policies, to classifications regarding emigrants\' social identities, in this case class and religion.

Jeremy Williams argues that both anti-abortion and pro-choice theories seem to justify two forms of anti-abortion violence - (1) violence against those that perform abortions, and (2) the subjugation of women seeking abortion. He illustrates this by way of his Death Camps analogy. However, Williams does not advocate such violence; rather he seems despondent over his conclusion. Here I argue Williams\' conclusion turns on confusion regarding the restrictivist position and a failure to adequately meet the challenge of Thomson\'s Violinist case. The Death Camps analogy is incomparable to the practice of abortion because it fails to capture the risks, burdens, and rights relationships present in pregnancy.