Abstract：
Mental disorders are a serious problem in modern society. They affect millions of people around the world and have a significant impact on the quality of life and people\'s ability to function in a normal environment. In this regard, the issues of ensuring the rights of citizens suffering from mental disorders do not lose their relevance and require special attention from doctors, lawyers and the scientific community. There are a number of reasons for this, including: 1) an increase in the incidence of mental disorders among the population, especially among socially vulnerable groups such as refugees, orphans, victims of hostilities and natural disasters; 2) medical care for mentally ill people can be provided forcibly, and therefore requires firmly established procedural standards; 3) mentally ill people often pose a danger to both for themselves and for society, therefore, the existence of fair law-restrictive measures is necessary; 4) persons with the status of mentally ill should have guarantees of social protection and integration into society without violating personal freedom (in the case when patients are not socially dangerous). On September 1, 2024, Federal Law No. 465-FZ dated 08/04/2023 «On Amendments to the Law of the Russian Federation «On Psychiatric Care and Guarantees of Citizens\' Rights in its Provision» will enter into force. This paper analyzes the adopted amendments, how they will affect law enforcement practice, whether they will create even more grounds for restricting the rights of patients in psychiatric hospitals, or are aimed at improving the legal regulation of psychiatric care.
摘要：
精神障碍是现代社会的一个严重问题。它们影响着全世界数百万人，并对生活质量和人们在正常环境中的功能能力产生重大影响。在这方面,确保患有精神障碍的公民权利的问题不会失去其相关性，需要医生的特别关注，律师和科学界。这有很多原因，包括：1）人口中精神障碍发病率的增加，特别是在难民等社会弱势群体中，孤儿,敌对行动和自然灾害的受害者；2）可以强行为精神病患者提供医疗服务，因此，需要牢固建立的程序标准；3）精神病患者经常对自己和社会构成危险，因此,有必要采取公平的法律限制措施；4）具有精神病患者身份的人应该在不侵犯人身自由的情况下得到社会保护和融入社会的保证（在患者不具有社会危险的情况下）。2024年9月1日，联邦法律第2023年4月8日的465-FZ“关于俄罗斯联邦法律“关于精神病治疗和公民权利保障”的修正案”将生效。本文分析了通过的修正案,它们将如何影响执法实践，他们是否会为限制精神病医院患者的权利创造更多的理由，或旨在改善精神病护理的法律监管。
