BACKGROUND: Pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilisation are associated with an increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, when compared with naturally conceived pregnancies.
OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of aspirin prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia is well established in naturally conceived pregnancies identified as high risk for developing preeclampsia. However, the efficacy of aspirin to reduce the rate of preeclampsia for all pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilisation remains uncertain, although in vitro fertilisation conception is a well-known risk factor for preeclampsia. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature regarding the use of low-dose aspirin to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy after in vitro fertilisation.
METHODS: This review will identify all peer-reviewed published articles including pregnant women who underwent embryo transfer after in vitro fertilisation and were prescribed low-dose aspirin to reduce the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
METHODS: We have devised a comprehensive search strategy to systematically identify pertinent studies published from January 2000 until May 2024, within the Medline (PubMed interface), Embase and Scopus databases. The search strategy is based on the keywords \'aspirin,\' \'pregnancy-induced hypertension,\' and (\'in vitro fertilization\' OR \'oocyte donation\' OR \'embryo transfer\' OR \'donor conception\'). Two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and full-text articles to select the relevant articles, using the Covidence software.
BACKGROUND: No patients are involved in this study. This study aims to be published in a peer-reviewed journal and could be presented at a conference.

BACKGROUND: Reviews of commercial and publicly available smartphone (mobile) health applications (mHealth app reviews) are being undertaken and published. However, there is variation in the conduct and reporting of mHealth app reviews, with no existing reporting guidelines. Building on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we aim to develop the Consensus for APP Review Reporting Items (CAPPRRI) guidance, to support the conduct and reporting of mHealth app reviews. This scoping review of published mHealth app reviews will explore their alignment, deviation, and modification to the PRISMA 2020 items for systematic reviews and identify a list of possible items to include in CAPPRRI.
METHODS: We are following the Joanna Briggs Institute approach and Arksey and O\'Malley\'s five-step process. Patient and public contributors, mHealth app review, digital health research and evidence synthesis experts, healthcare professionals and a specialist librarian gave feedback on the methods. We will search SCOPUS, CINAHL Plus, AMED, EMBASE, Medline, APA PsycINFO and the ACM Digital Library for articles reporting mHealth app reviews and use a two-step screening process to identify eligible articles. Information on whether the authors have reported, or how they have modified the PRISMA 2020 items in their reporting, will be extracted. Data extraction will also include the article characteristics, protocol and registration information, review question frameworks used, information about the search and screening process, how apps have been evaluated and evidence of stakeholder engagement. This will be analysed using a content synthesis approach and presented using descriptive statistics and summaries. This protocol is registered on OSF (https://osf.io/5ahjx).
BACKGROUND: Ethical approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications (shared on our project website and on the EQUATOR Network website where the CAPPRRI guidance has been registered as under development), conference presentations and blog and social media posts in lay language.

BACKGROUND: Uterine fibroids are the most common pelvic benign tumours found in reproductive-aged women and may affect up to 70% of all women by menopause. Uterine fibroids place a heavy burden on women and society resulting in poor quality of life, impaired self-image, and impaired social, sexual, emotional, and physical well-being of affected individuals.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to map the evidence on the burden of uterine fibroids in Sub-Saharan Africa; uterine fibroids\' burden by age, uterine fibroids\' geographic burden, uterine fibroids\' cost estimation and reported experiences among women diagnosed with uterine fibroids.
METHODS: Articles will be selected from countries within Sub-Saharan Africa.
METHODS: This scoping review will be guided by the Arksey & O\'Malley framework, enhanced by Levac et al (2010). The following electronic databases will be searched; PubMed, EBSCOhost (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Health Source), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Africa Journal Online, and Google Scholar. The Population Concept and Context (PCC) framework will be used and the PRISMA flow diagram will also be used to show the literature search and selection of studies. Descriptive data analysis will be used; results will be presented in themes, narrative summaries, tables, and charts.
CONCLUSIONS: The study anticipates finding relevant literature on the distribution of uterine fibroids, the burden of uterine fibroids in terms of geographic distribution, age distribution, and cost approximation related to the disease. This will assist in identifying research gaps to guide future research contribute to the body of scientific knowledge and develop preventative strategies for the disease.

BACKGROUND: The estimated prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) worldwide, in China, and Shanghai is 17.2%, 18.0% and 23.2%, respectively. In 2021, Shanghai housed a population of 3.2 million childbearing-age migrant women, most of whom migrated to the city with their husbands for economic reasons. There is a general lack of help-seeking behaviour for mental disorders in China due to the perceived risk of social stigmatisation. In Shanghai, 70% of women did not seek professional help for perinatal mental health problems. We aim to gather information from multiple perspectives, such as the migrant women with PPD and perinatal depression (PND), their caregivers, health service providers and communities, to understand the help-seeking behaviour of postpartum migrant women with PPD or PND in China.
METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework for Scoping Reviews will guide this review. A bilingual research librarian developed a comprehensive search strategy to retrieve published and unpublished English and Chinese studies involving factors influencing women\'s PPD or PND help-seeking behaviour in China. This literature includes perceptions, views, patterns, acceptance and refusal, tendencies, probability, service accessibility and utilisation, and facts. We will search PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL for English literature and CINKI for Chinese literature. Backward and forward snowball approaches will be used to identify additional relevant papers from the reference lists of selected papers. Two independent reviewers will screen the title and abstract and review the full text of selected papers to identify eligible articles for data extraction. We will build a Microsoft Access database to record the extracted data. The results will be presented in tables and a causal map to demonstrate the relationships between extracted variables and help-seeking behaviours for PPD and PND. A conceptual simulation model will be formulated based on the information from the literature to validate the logic of the relationships between variables, identify knowledge gaps and gain insights into potential intervention approaches. Experts and stakeholders will be invited to critique and comment on the results during group model building (GMB) workshops in Shanghai. These comments will be essential to validate the findings, receive feedback and obtain additional insights.
BACKGROUND: The literature review component of our study does not require ethical approval because the information and data collected will be obtained from publicly available sources and will not involve human subjects. Our collaborating research partner, International Peach Maternal Child Hospital, obtained the IRB approval (GKLW-A-2023-020-01) for screening and enrolling participants in GMB workshops. Stanford University received IRB approval under protocol number 67 419. The full review will be presented at a relevant conference and submitted to a peer-reviewed scientific journal for publication to report findings.

In recent years, as a result of the dramatic increase in the number of systematic reviews, a new type of systematic review, the \'systematic reviews of systematic reviews\', also known as umbrella reviews, reviews of reviews, meta-reviews or synthesis of review, was developed. The aim of this article is to provide recommendations on how this type of systematic review should be conducted and reported to ensure its quality and usefulness. These reviews are designed to compile evidence from multiple systematic reviews of interventions into an accessible and usable document and are one of the highest levels of evidence synthesis.
Nos últimos anos, em consequência do aumento dramático do número de revisões sistemáticas, surgiu um novo tipo de revisões sistemáticas, as revi- sões sistemáticas das revisões sistemáticas, também conhecidas como umbrella reviews, reviews of reviews, meta-reviews, ou synthesis of review. O objetivo deste artigo é fornecer recomendações sobre como este tipo de revisão sistemática deve ser conduzido e relatado para garantir a sua qualidade e utilidade. Estas revisões são concebidas para compilar evidências de múltiplas revisões sistemáticas de intervenções num documento acessível e utilizável e constituem um dos níveis mais elevados de síntese de evidência.

BACKGROUND: The Sustainable Development Goals have put emphasis on equitable healthcare access for marginalised groups and communities. The number of women with disabilities (WWD) to marry and have children is rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, these women experience multifaceted challenges to seeking perinatal care in LMICs. The objective of this scoping review is to document key facilitators and barriers to seeking perinatal care by WWD. We also will propose strategies for inclusive perinatal healthcare services for women with disabilities in LMICs.
METHODS: We will conduct a scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature (published reports) of qualitative and mixed-methods studies on facilitators and barriers to seeking perinatal care for women with functional disabilities from 2010 to 2023 in LMICs. An electronic search will be conducted on Medline/PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Two researchers will independently assess whether studies meet the eligibility criteria for inclusion based on the title, abstract and a full-text review.
BACKGROUND: This scoping review is based on published literature and does not require ethics approval. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences related to reproductive health, disability and inclusive health forums.

BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regions have the highest burden of cervical cancer (CC), accounting for nearly a quarter of global mortality. Many women in SSA are reluctant to access CC screening because they are uncomfortable exposing their private parts to healthcare providers. The perception of women who have experienced self-sampling in SSA is yet to be reviewed. This scoping review will explore the literature on the perception and attitude of women towards methods of collecting cervicovaginal samples for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in SSA.
METHODS: An extensive search using the Arksey and O\'Malley framework will be conducted. The search criteria will be limited to original research conducted in community or clinical settings in SSA within the last 10 years. Four databases, namely, PUBMED, Cochrane, African Journals Online and Google Scholar, will be searched. Two independent persons (UIAB and DOO) will screen the titles and abstracts and later full texts using population, intervention, comparison and outcome criteria. IOMB will serve as a tiebreaker whenever there is no agreement on the choice of eligibility criteria. The screening process will be presented using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for the scoping review flow format. The descriptive analysis of eligible studies for scoping reviews will be summarised. We will describe themes of attitude and perception covering pain, embarrassment, privacy and comfortability, willingness to self-sample, anxiety and confidence.
BACKGROUND: This is a scoping review protocol and does not require ethical approval. Findings from this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, the production of policy briefs, and presentations at local and international conferences.

BACKGROUND: In the context of health research in Canada, various terms and labels have been employed to reference the Black population. This practice has had the unintended consequence of diminishing the comparability and efficiency of studies. Furthermore, using a broad term such as \'Black\' may fail to encompass the diversity and intricacy of the ethnocultural backgrounds of people who are racialised as such. It may also obscure the subtleties of their experiences and health outcomes. This study aims to examine how health researchers have defined Black within the scope of their work and different labels used to identify the Black population in Canada.
METHODS: We have developed and employed a comprehensive and sensitive search strategy to identify articles concerning the health and wellness of the Black population in Canada. Both peer-reviewed and grey literature will be searched. Original articles published in both English and French will be included. The screening process will consist of two stages: the title and abstract screening, followed by a thorough examination of full-text articles. Additionally, single citation tracking and manual search of reference lists will be conducted. Study characteristics and relevant information on the definition of the Black population will be extracted, followed by reflective thematic analysis and presentation of the key findings.
BACKGROUND: This review will not require ethical approval. We will disseminate the results through meetings with stakeholders. From the beginning, a knowledge translation approach was decided upon following consultation with citizen researchers and community champions. Our findings will also be disseminated through oral and poster presentations, peer-reviewed publications, and social media.

BACKGROUND: The inter-reviewer reliability of the risk of bias (RoB) assessment lacked agreement in previous studies. It is important to analyse these disagreements to improve the repeatability of RoB assessment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency and reasons for disagreements in RoB assessments for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that were included in multiple Cochrane reviews in the field of hypertension.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was employed. We retrieved any RCTs that had been included in multiple Cochrane reviews in the field of hypertension from ARCHIE. The results of the RoB assessments were extracted, and the distributions of agreements and possible reasons for disagreement were analyzed.
RESULTS: Twenty-six Cochrane reviews were included in this study. A total of 78 RCTs appeared in more than one Cochrane review. The level of agreement ranged from domain to domain. \"Blinding of outcome assessment\" showed a reasonably high level of agreement (94.9%), while \"incomplete outcome data\", \"selective outcome reporting\" and \"other sources of bias\" showed moderate levels of agreement (74.6%, 79.2% and 75.6%, respectively). However, the domains of \"allocation concealment\", \"random sequence generation\" and \"blinding of participants and personnel\" showed low levels of agreement (24.4%, 23.5%, and 47.4%, respectively). In the domains of \"allocation concealment\" and \"blinding of participants and personnel\", the agreement group had higher proportion of publication year ≤ 1996 than the disagreement group (P = 0.008 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the \"blinding of participants and personnel\", the impact factor was higher in the agreement group (P < 0.001). By analyzing the support text, we found that the most likely reason for disagreement was extracting different information from the same RCT.
CONCLUSIONS: For Cochrane reviews in the field of hypertension using the 2011 version of the RoB tool, there was a large disagreement in the RoB assessment. It is suggested that the results of RoB assessments in systematic reviews that used the 2011 version of the RoB tool need to be interpreted with caution. More accurate information from RCTs needs to be collected when we synthesize clinical evidence.

BACKGROUND: The rise of antimicrobial resistance represents a critical threat to global health, exacerbated by the excessive and inappropriate dispensing and use of antimicrobial drugs, notably antibiotics, which specifically target bacterial infections. The surge in antibiotic consumption globally is particularly concerning in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where informal healthcare providers (IPs) play a vital role in the healthcare landscape. Often the initial point of contact for healthcare-seeking individuals, IPs play a crucial role in delivering primary care services in these regions. Despite the prevalent dispensing of antibiotics by IPs in many LMICs, as highlighted by existing research, there remains a gap in the comprehensive synthesis of antibiotic dispensing practices and the influencing factors among IPs. Hence, this scoping review seeks to map and consolidate the literature regarding antibiotic dispensing and its drivers among IPs in LMICs.
METHODS: This review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute guideline for scoping review. A comprehensive search across nine electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Global Health, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, AJOL and IMSEAR) will be performed, supplemented by manual searches of reference lists of eligible publications. The search strategy will impose no constraints on study design, methodology, publication date or language. The study selection process will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The findings on antibiotic dispensing and its patterns will be synthesised and reported descriptively using tables, visuals and a narrative summary. Additionally, factors influencing antibiotic dispensing will be elucidated through both inductive and deductive content analysis methods.
BACKGROUND: Ethical approval is not required for scoping reviews. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at relevant conferences.