目标:尽管健康素养(HL)已成为关键的公共卫生问题,应急管理部门对HL的研究有限。本研究旨在调查西南地区应急管理部门消防员对HL的认知情况及相关因素,为开展有针对性的健康教育提供依据。
方法:自2023年2月至4月,使用《中国公民健康素养问卷》(2019年版)对来自中国西南部一个应急管理部门的1,742名消防员进行了横断面便利样本调查。卡方检验,线性趋势卡方检验,费希尔检验,秩和检验,采用多因素logistic回归模型确定与HL相关的影响因素。
结果:1742名受访者的HL水平为34.3%。年龄,种族,教育水平,服务年限,工作类型,吸烟状况,父母工作的类型,家庭年收入,每天使用互联网的时间,等。(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,工作类型(OR=0.648,95CI:0.426-0.985),服务时间(OR=0.496,95CI:0.251-0.981),家庭收入(OR=1.900,95CI:1.443-2.502),每日互联网使用时间(OR=0.726,95%Cl:0.588-0.896),健康状况(OR=0.750,95%Cl:0.585-0.962)和组织HL会议的频率(OR=1.603,95%Cl:1.101-2.330)是影响官兵HL的影响因素。
结论:西南地区应急管理部门消防员健康素养水平为34.3%。在与健康相关的技能维度中发现了较低的水平(HRS,30.1%)和传染病控制(ID,30.7%)。健康信息素养(HI,34.3%)低于全国水平。城乡类型,识字水平,和家庭收入水平可能是影响受访者健康素养水平的因素。因此,健康教育和促进干预措施应针对高度优先的维度(HRS,HI,和ID),并应侧重于加强农村类型消防员的健康素养水平,教育水平低,和低家庭收入来改善他们的健康。
OBJECTIVE: Although health literacy (HL) has emerged as a critical public health concern, research on HL in emergency management departments is limited. This study aimed to investigate the awareness of HL and associated factors among firefighters of emergency management departments in southwest China to provide a basis for carrying out targeted health education.
METHODS: A cross-sectional convenience sample of 1,742 firefighters from an emergency management department in southwestern China was surveyed from February to April 2023 using the Chinese Citizen\'s Health Literacy Questionnaire (2019 version). The chi-square test, linear trend chi-square test, Fisher\'s test, rank sum test, and multifactorial logistic regression model were used to identify influential factors associated with HL.
RESULTS: The HL level of the 1742 respondents was 34.3%. Age, ethnicity, education level, length of service, type of job, smoking status, types of parental jobs, annual household income, time of daily internet use, etc. (P < 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicate that type of job (OR = 0.648, 95%CI:0.426-0.985), length of service (OR = 0.496, 95%CI:0.251-0.981), household income (OR = 1.900, 95%CI:1.443-2.502), daily internet usage time (OR = 0.726, 95%Cl:0.588-0.896), health status (OR = 0.750, 95%Cl:0.585-0.962) and frequency of organizing HL sessions (OR = 1.603, 95%Cl:1.101-2.330) were influencing factors affecting the HL of the officers and soldiers.
CONCLUSIONS: The health literacy level of firefighters in the Emergency Management Department in Southwest China was 34.3%. Lower levels were found in the health-related skills dimension (HRS, 30.1%) and in infectious disease control (ID, 30.7%). Health information literacy (HI, 34.3%) was lower than the national level. The type of urban and rural areas, literacy level, and household income level may be the factors affecting the level of health literacy among the respondents. Therefore, health education and promotion interventions should target high priority dimensions (HRS, HI, and ID) and should focus on strengthening health literacy levels of firefighters with rural types, low education levels, and low household income to improve their health.