背景:毛滴虫病是小动物的常见感染,主要表现为腹泻等胃肠道症状。虽然口腔滴虫也是已知的,发现定植于大肠的物种是更常见的原生动物。
方法:在本研究中,四只野猫,94只家猫,25只狗来自匈牙利的18个不同地点,根据18SrRNA基因和ITS2研究了口腔和大肠滴虫的存在。
结果:所有口腔拭子通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)均为阴性。然而,在测试的家猫(13.8%)和狗(16%)中检测到Tritrichomas胎儿的比例很高,和人类五虫只在两只家猫中。此外,在一只猫身上发现了一种新的Tritrichomonas基因型,可能代表了一种新物种,该物种在系统发育上与最近从小鼠中描述的Tritrichomonascasperi最密切相关。所有阳性的狗和一半阳性的猫都有症状,在猫中,最常见的品种是布娃娃。
结论:使用分子方法,这项研究评估了匈牙利犬和猫的临床样本中口腔和肠道滴虫的患病率,提供了该地区狗的T.胎儿的第一个证据。与文献数据相反,人假单胞菌在猫中比在狗中更普遍。最后,一种迄今未知的大肠Tritrichomonas物种(与T.casperi密切相关)被证明存在于猫中,提出两种可能性。首先,这种新的基因型可能是相关猫中与啮齿动物相关的假寄生虫。否则,猫实际上被感染了,因此表明了捕食者-猎物联系在这种滴虫进化中的作用。
BACKGROUND: Trichomonosis is a common infection in small animals, mostly manifesting in gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. Although oral trichomonads are also known, the species found colonizing the large intestine are more frequently detected protozoa.
METHODS: In the present study, four wildcats, 94 domestic cats, and 25 dogs, originating from 18 different locations in Hungary, were investigated for the presence of oral and large intestinal trichomonads based on the 18S rRNA gene and ITS2.
RESULTS: All oral swabs were negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, Tritrichomonas foetus was detected in a high proportion among tested domestic cats (13.8%) and dogs (16%), and Pentatrichomonas hominis only in two domestic cats. In addition, a novel Tritrichomonas genotype was identified in one cat, probably representing a new species that was shown to be phylogenetically most closely related to Tritrichomonas casperi described recently from mice. All positive dogs and half of the positive cats showed symptoms, and among cats, the most frequent breed was the Ragdoll.
CONCLUSIONS: With molecular methods, this study evaluated the prevalence of oral and intestinal trichomonads in clinical samples of dogs and cats from Hungary, providing the first evidence of T. foetus in dogs of this region. In contrast to literature data, P. hominis was more prevalent in cats than in dogs. Finally, a hitherto unknown large intestinal Tritrichomonas species (closely related to T. casperi) was shown to be present in a cat, raising two possibilities. First, this novel genotype might have been a rodent-associated pseudoparasite in the relevant cat. Otherwise, the cat was actually infected, thus suggesting the role of a predator-prey link in the evolution of this trichomonad.