背景:β-氨基丁酸(BABA)已成功用于许多植物物种的抗逆性;但是,到目前为止,它在森林树木中的有效性还没有得到充分的探索。本研究旨在探讨BABA对形态学的影响,生理,和各种生长条件下田间榆树的表观遗传参数。通过使用反相高效液相色谱(UPLC)结合灵敏的质谱来评估DNA和RNA中的表观遗传变化。
结果:所呈现的结果证实了BABA对发育的影响,生理学,和田间榆树的应力耐受性。然而,最重要的发现与这种氨基酸促进的广泛表观遗传变化有关,涉及DNA和RNA。我们的发现证实了,第一次,BABA不仅影响植物中众所周知的表观遗传标记,如5-甲基胞嘧啶,还有其他一些非规范核碱基,如5-羟甲基尿嘧啶,5-甲酰胞嘧啶,5-羟甲基胞嘧啶,N6-甲基腺嘌呤,尿嘧啶(DNA)和胸腺嘧啶(RNA)。对N6-甲基腺嘌呤水平的显着影响,主要的细菌表观遗传标记,尤其值得注意。在这种情况下,问题是,这种效应是否归因于微生物组的表观遗传变化,植物基因组,或者两者兼而有之。
结论:植物表型是植物DNA之间复杂相互作用的结果,微生物组,和环境。我们认为,植物和微生物组中不同类型的表观遗传变化可能在很大程度上未知的记忆过程中起重要作用,使植物能够更快地适应不断变化的环境条件。
BACKGROUND: β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) has been successfully used to prime stress resistance in numerous plant species; however, its effectiveness in forest trees has been poorly explored thus far. This study aimed to investigate the influence of BABA on morphological, physiological, and epigenetic parameters in field elms under various growth conditions. Epigenetic changes were assessed in both DNA and RNA through the use of reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with sensitive mass spectrometry.
RESULTS: The presented results confirm the influence of BABA on the development, physiology, and stress tolerance in field elms. However, the most important findings are related to the broad epigenetic changes promoted by this amino acid, which involve both DNA and RNA. Our findings confirm, for the first time, that BABA influences not only well-known epigenetic markers in plants, such as 5-methylcytosine, but also several other non-canonical nucleobases, such as 5-hydroxymethyluracil, 5-formylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, N6-methyladenine, uracil (in DNA) and thymine (in RNA). The significant effect on the levels of N6-methyladenine, the main bacterial epigenetic marker, is particularly noteworthy. In this case, the question arises as to whether this effect is due to epigenetic changes in the microbiome, the plant genome, or both.
CONCLUSIONS: The plant phenotype is the result of complex interactions between the plant\'s DNA, the microbiome, and the environment. We propose that different types of epigenetic changes in the plant and microbiome may play important roles in the largely unknown memory process that enables plants to adapt faster to changing environmental conditions.