糖尿病和高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素,众所周知,这是当今世界全球死亡的主要原因。研究表明,这些危险因素的患病率呈上升趋势,在过去的二十年中,仅糖尿病的负担就增加了80%。糖尿病和高血压的并发症给国家带来了巨大的公共卫生挑战,并给城市贫民家庭带来了灾难性的医疗支出。我们的研究旨在估计糖尿病的患病率,高血压,和其他心血管危险因素的成年人在城市贫困社区班加罗尔市。
进行了为期6个月的横断面研究,对2245名30岁或30岁以上的人进行了访谈,使用结构化的面试官调查问卷来获取社会人口统计信息,评估糖尿病和高血压的可改变危险因素。如果随机血糖读数≥200mg/dL,则考虑糖尿病的纳入标准。而如果收缩压读数≥140mmHg和/或舒张压≥90mmHg,则考虑到高血压的诊断.
■在参加这项研究的2245名参与者中,15.5%为糖尿病患者,17.2%为高血压患者。酒精消费者与糖尿病有很强的联系,超过1/3的患者有较高的患病率(比值比(OR):2.09,95%置信区间(95%CI):1.1-3.9).超过一半的人口是垃圾食品的消费者;该组的糖尿病患病率是其同行的1.35倍(OR:1.35,95%CI:1.0-1.8)。在确定为中心性肥胖的人群中也发现了糖尿病的显着关联(OR:1.83,95%CI:1.4-2.5)。三分之一的饮酒人群被诊断为高血压(OR:3.08,95%CI:1.6-5.9),1/5定期食用垃圾食品的人高血压患病率较高(OR:1.41,95%CI:1.1-1.8).在中心性肥胖或体重指数(BMI)>30的个体中,高血压的患病率也较高(OR:1.59,95%CI:1.2-2.1;OR:1.92,95%CI:1.4-2.6)。
■我们在班加罗尔市的城市贫困地区进行的研究结果揭示了糖尿病和高血压与各种人口统计学和生活方式因素之间的显着关联。具体来说,男性和低教育程度与糖尿病有显著关联,而未婚和高BMI状态与高血压密切相关.此外,研究表明,老年人,酒精消费者,吃垃圾食品的人,中心性肥胖患者患糖尿病和高血压的风险增加。通过识别这些风险因素,可以制定有针对性的干预措施,以应对这一社会弱势群体面临的独特挑战。可以设计策略来提高认识,鼓励更健康的生活方式选择,并改善获得医疗保健服务的机会,以有效预防和管理该社区的糖尿病和高血压。
UNASSIGNED: Diabetes and hypertension are major risk factors of cardiovascular disease, which is known to be the leading cause of global mortality in the world today. Studies have shown that the prevalence of these risk factors is on the rise, with the burden of diabetes alone increasing by 80% in the last two decades. Complications of diabetes and hypertension result in huge public health challenges for the country and catastrophic medical expenditures for families among the urban poor. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular risk factors among adults in an urban underprivileged community of Bengaluru city.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 6 months where 2245 individuals aged 30 or older were interviewed using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire used to capture sociodemographic details that assessed modifiable risk factors for diabetes and hypertension. Inclusion criteria for diabetes were considered if the random blood sugar reading was ≥200 mg/dL, whereas a diagnosis of hypertension was taken into consideration if the systolic blood pressure reading was ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure was ≥90 mmHg.
UNASSIGNED: Among the 2245 participants that took part in the study, 15.5% were diabetics and 17.2% were hypertensive. There was a strong association of diabetes among consumers of alcohol, with more than one-third having a high prevalence of the disease (odds ratio (OR): 2.09, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.1-3.9). More than half the population were consumers of junk food; the prevalence of diabetes in this group was 1.35 times higher than that in their counterparts (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.0-1.8). A significant association of diabetes was also seen among those identified with central obesity (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.4-2.5). One-third of the population who consumed alcohol were found to be diagnosed with hypertension (OR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.6-5.9), and one-fifth of individuals who were regular consumers of junk food had a higher prevalence of hypertension (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.1-1.8). A higher prevalence of hypertension was also seen among individuals with central obesity or a body mass index (BMI) of >30 (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.2-2.1; OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.4-2.6).
UNASSIGNED: The findings from our study conducted in an urban underprivileged area of Bengaluru city shed light on the significant associations between diabetes and hypertension and various demographic and lifestyle factors. Specifically, male gender and lower educational status were found to have a significant association with diabetes, whereas being unmarried and having a high BMI status were strongly linked to hypertension. In addition, the study revealed that elderly individuals, alcohol consumers, junk food eaters, and those with central obesity demonstrated an increased risk for both diabetes and hypertension. By identifying these risk factors, targeted interventions can be developed to address the unique challenges faced by this vulnerable section of society. Strategies can be designed to raise awareness, encourage healthier lifestyle choices, and improve access to healthcare services to effectively prevent and manage diabetes and hypertension in this community.