UNASSIGNED: Healthcare settings may amplify transmission of respiratory pathogens, however empirical evidence is lacking. We aimed to describe the spectrum and distribution of respiratory pathogens among healthcare workers in eastern China.
UNASSIGNED: Healthcare workers were recruited from October 2020 to November 2021 in Jiangsu province. Participants were interviewed regarding demographic and hospital-based protective measures. Thirty-seven common respiratory pathogens were tested using real-time PCR/RT-PCR (Probe qPCR). The role of demographic and hospital-based protective measures on pathogens colonization using multivariable logistic regression models.
UNASSIGNED: Among 316 enrolled healthcare workers, a total of 21 pathogens were detected. In total, 212 (67.1%) healthcare workers had at least one respiratory pathogen; 195 (61.7%) and 70 (22.2%) with a bacterial and viral pathogen. The most commonly detected pathogen was streptococcus pneumoniae (47.5%) followed by Haemophilus influenzae (21.2%). One hundred and five (33.2%) healthcare workers with copathogens had at least two respiratory pathogens. Both bacterial and viral colonization were more common in 2020 compared to 2021. A decreased risk of colonization was seen in participants with infection prevention and control training and suitable hand hygiene.
UNASSIGNED: Colonization of respiratory pathogens in healthcare workers from eastern China was high. Differential risk was impacted only by hospital-based protective measures and not demographic factors.

UNASSIGNED: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a recurrent chronic disease. There are few Chinese studies to explore the BD after ischemic stroke. This study aimed to analyze the high risk factors of BD after ischemic stroke and investigate prevention strategies.
UNASSIGNED: 197 patients with ischemic stroke in our hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected as research subjects. The demographic information, clinical data, and scores of Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) in patients were retrospectively analyzed to count the incidence of BD in patients. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors for BD after ischemic stroke, and preventive measures were discussed based on study results.
UNASSIGNED: The incidence of BD in patients with ischemic stroke was 45.18% (89/197), and the median and quartile in the first part of MDQ score was 6.00 (5.00,10.00) points. The subjects were divided into BD group (n = 89) and non-BD group (n = 108) based on the presence of BD in patients with ischemic stroke. Education background (OR = 0.485), lesions involving the frontal or temporal lobes (OR = 2.724), sleep disorders (OR = 2.246), and daily living ability (OR = 3.108) were influencing factors for BD after ischemic stroke (P < .05).
UNASSIGNED: The risk of BD after ischemic stroke is high. Based on the above research results, clinical attention should be paid to knowledge popularization, lesion examination, and the improvement of sleep quality and daily living ability, to prevent the occurrence of BD and improve the prognosis.

Cultural orientations in relation to individualism and collectivism produced by subsistence strategies can lead to a wide array of consequences for perception, cognition, and emotion. We predict that, as a result of different economic patterns, farmers with greater collectivism would show more compliance with COVID-19 precautionary behavior than herders with greater individualism. By adopting a \"just minimal difference\" approach, we compared Chinese farming and herding communities that share a national identity, ethnicity, and residential area but vary in their degree of individualism-collectivism. Consistent with our hypothesis, Study 1 found that farmers reported higher compliance with prevention initiatives than herders in self-report survey. Study 2 provided a behavioral choice confirmation of the observed relationship. The present research provides the empirical evidence that economic activities can have divergent effects on mitigation strategies in the COVID-19 fight, and these results have meaningful implications for socioecological psychology theory and for pandemic prevention and control.
UNASSIGNED: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has a significant negative impact on surgical and tumor patient\'s safety and quality of life. There was no specific report on the incidence and risk factors of postoperative lower extremity DVT in cervical cancer patients. Analysis of the risk factors of postoperative DVT in patients with cervical cancer is of great clinical significance for prevention and treatment. We retrospectively analyzed 309 cervical cancer patients treated by the Hubei Cervical Cancer Prevention Center and used a logistic regression model to test the risk variables of postoperative lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in cervical cancer patients. By univariate analyses, the results of the study showed that the incidence of postoperative DVT was significantly increased in cervical cancer patients complicated with old age, obesity, high preoperative plasma D-dimer level, increased preoperative triglyceride level, chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease), open surgery, long operation time, intraoperative blood transfusion, advanced tumor stage, and preoperative chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Advanced age, obesity, elevated preoperative D-dimer level, high preoperative triglyceride level, and open surgery were independent risk factors for postoperative lower extremity DVT in patients with cervical cancer by multivariate regression analyses (all P < .05). In gynecologic patients with cervical cancer, there is a high incidence of postoperative lower extremity DVT. Clinicians should develop systematic and comprehensive prevention and treatment measures for the risk factors to lower this morbidity and improve patient prognosis.

BACKGROUND: The first step in preventing pressure injuries (PIs), which represent a significant burden on intensive care unit (ICU) patients and the health care system, is to assess the risk for developing PIs. A valid risk assessment scale is essential to evaluate the risk and avoid PIs.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the predictive validity of the Braden scale and Waterlow scale in ICUs.
METHODS: A multicentre, prospective and cross-sectional study.
METHODS: We conducted this study among 6416 patients admitted to ICUs in Gansu province of China from April 2021 to October 2022. The incidence and characteristics of PIs were collected. The risk assessment of PIs was determined using the Braden and Waterlow scale. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the two scales were compared.
RESULTS: Out of 5903 patients, 72 (1.2%) developed PIs. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive, and the area under the curve of the Braden scale were 77.8%, 50.9%, 0.014 and 0.996, and 0.689, respectively. These values for the Waterlow scale were 54.2%, 71.1%, 0.017, 0.994 and 0.651.
CONCLUSIONS: Both scales could be used for risk assessment of PIs in ICU patients. However, the accuracy of visual inspection for assessment of skin colour, nursing preventive measures for patients and scales inter-rater inconsistency may limited the predictive validity statistics.
CONCLUSIONS: Both scales could be used for PIs risk assessment. The low specificity of the Braden scale and low sensitivity of the Waterlow scale remind medical staff to use them in combination with clinical judgement and other objective indicators.
UNASSIGNED: This study was designed to enhance the management of PIs. Patients and the general public were not involved in the study design, analysis, and interpretation of the data or manuscript preparation.

Cork spot disorder has affected the fruit of Asian pear since the 1990s and has become serious in recent years with increasingly affected cultivars and areas. The commodity value of affected fruit is greatly decreased, resulting in severe economic losses. Cork spot disorder of pear fruit is a physiological disorder, and the factors responsible are relatively complex. Research on the cause of cork spot disorder is still at an early stage and, thus, further investigations are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the disorder. In this review, current knowledge of the factors associated with the incidence of cork spot disorder in Asian pear fruit is summarized, including fruit growth and development, fruit nutrient status, and environmental factors. Potential preventive measures and priorities for future research are outlined.

To date, malaria is still a major public health issue in the world. Africa remains the most affected continent with the highest number of malaria cases and deaths. Since more than one thousand Chinese citizens are living in Nigeria, an examination of their knowledge, attitude, and practice compared with those of the local people may be essential for malaria prevention. This study adopted cross-sectional research. A total of 137 Chinese people and 299 local people residing in Kano State, Nigeria constituted the study subjects. A questionnaire was used for the collection of data on socio-demography and predictors of attitudes. The Cronbach alpha statistic was used to analyze these data. Insecticide spraying, mosquito repellents, and wearing protective clothing at night are the malaria preventive measures by both the local and Chinese people living in Kano state, Nigeria. However, there is a significant difference (P<0.05) between the two groups, with the duration of stay in Nigeria, the use of mosquitoes, attitude, and practices playing impactful roles among the Chinese people. Hence, Chinese people demonstrated better knowledge and control of malaria transmission and prevention than the local people living in Kano State. In conclusion, attitudes and practices toward malaria diseases are the major causes of the high rate of malaria in Nigeria, particularly in Kano State.

暂无摘要。

In the process of green and smart mine construction under the context of carbon neutrality, China\'s coal safety situation has been continuously improved in recent years. In order to recognize the development of coal production in China and prepare for future monitoring and prevention of safety incidents, this study mainly elaborated on the basic situation of coal resources and national mining accidents over the past five years  (2017-2021), from four dimensions (accident level, type, region, and time), and then proposed the preventive measures based on accident statistical laws. The results show that the storage of coal resources has obvious geographic characteristics, mainly concentrated in the Midwest, with coal resources in Shanxi and Shaanxi accounting for about 49.4%. The proportion of coal consumption has dropped from 70.2% to 56% between 2011 and 2021, but still accounts for more than half of the all. Meanwhile, the accident-prone areas are positively correlated with the amount of coal production. Among different levels of coal mine accidents, general accidents had the highest number of accidents and deaths, with 692 accidents and 783 deaths, accounting for 87.6% and 54.64% respectively. The frequency of roof, gas, and transportation accidents is relatively high, and the number of single fatalities caused by gas accidents is the largest, about 4.18. In terms of geographical distribution of accidents, the safety situation in Shanxi Province is the most severe. From the time distribution of coal mine accidents, the accidents mainly occurred in July and August, and rarely occurred in February and December. Finally, the \"4 + 4\" safety management model is proposed, combining the statistical results with coal production in China. Based on the existing health and safety management systems, the managements are divided into four sub-categories, and more specific measures are suggested.

The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of medical workers in the radiology department toward the prevention and diagnosis of COVID-19.
This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among medical workers in the radiology department of 17 hospitals between March and June 2022.
A total of 324 medical workers were enrolled. The mean knowledge scores were 15.3 ± 3.4 (out of 23), attitude scores were 31.1 ± 5.6 (range 8-40), and practice scores were 35.1 ± 4.4 (range 8-40). Positive attitudes (OR = 1.235, 95% CI: 1.162-1.311, P < 0.001) and aged 41-50 years were independently associated with higher practice scores. Those with the better practice were more likely to be older (OR = 2.603, 95% CI: 1.242-5.452, P = 0.011), nurses (OR = 2.274, 95% CI: 1.210-4.272, P = 0.011) and with junior/intermediary/vice-senior title (OR = 2.326, 95% CI: 1.030-5.255, P = 0.042; OR = 2.847, 95% CI: 1.226-6.606, P = 0.015; OR = 4.547, 95% CI: 1.806-11.452, P = 0.001, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in knowledge between technicians and physicians and nurses and between staff working in tertiary hospitals and non-tertiary hospitals. Knowledge is positively correlated with attitude (β = 0.54, P < 0.001), and attitude is positively correlated with practice (β = 0.37, P < 0.001). Attitudes significantly mediated the association between knowledge and practice (β = 0.119, P < 0.001).
The radiology medical workers showed moderate knowledge but good attitudes and practices of prevention and diagnosis of COVID-19. Attitudes were found to be positively associated with better practices of prevention and diagnosis of COVID-19. Attitudes significantly mediated the association between knowledge and practice.