Abstract：
In France, outdoor sports and activities account for 36% of sports engagement, making outdoor venues the most popular settings for sports participation. Discussing the links between sports and health almost always highlights the beneficial impact of engaging in sports. However, due to a lack of specific notifications, infectious risks are not subject to epidemiological monitoring, and need to be better understood. Since the practice of outdoor sports has become part and parcel of many individuals\' daily routines, it is essential to more accurately characterize the knowledge we have gained about the risks associated with exposure. However, directly associating the practice of a sport with an elevated risk of infectious diseases is a challenging endeavor. Sociological factors based on risk awareness and adoption of protective behaviors in response to the risk are crucial to the orientation of prevention efforts. This review deals with several (bacteriological, viral, parasitic, and mycological) infectious risks related to outdoor activities practiced in a natural field via contamination routes such as tick-bite, enteric pathogen, skin, and aerosol transmission. We have also detailed a number of preventive measures taking into account the outdoor setting (e.g., vaccination).
摘要：
在法国,户外运动和活动占体育运动参与的36%，使室外场地成为最受欢迎的运动参与设置。讨论体育与健康之间的联系几乎总是突出参与体育的有益影响。然而,由于缺乏具体的通知，传染病风险不受流行病学监测，需要更好地理解。由于户外运动的实践已成为许多人的日常生活的一部分，更准确地描述我们获得的与暴露相关风险的知识是至关重要的。然而,将一项运动的实践与传染病的高风险直接联系起来是一项具有挑战性的工作。基于风险意识的社会学因素以及针对风险采取保护性行为对于预防工作的方向至关重要。这篇综述涉及几个(细菌学，病毒，寄生，和真菌学）与通过tick咬伤等污染途径在自然领域进行的户外活动有关的传染病风险，肠道病原体，皮肤,和气溶胶传播。我们还详细介绍了一些考虑到室外环境的预防措施(例如，疫苗接种）。
