■2型糖尿病可导致严重的足部并发症,进行自我保健教育,在临床指南的指导下,至关重要。然而,零散和分散的建议对这些准则的有效实施提出了挑战。将建议汇总在一起并根据自我护理模型提出建议可以提供坚实的框架并促进结果的解释。
■绘制国际指南,向护士提供建议,使2型糖尿病患者能够进行足部自我护理,并根据慢性病自我护理的中程理论的关键概念综合建议。
■进行了范围审查,使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的方法论指导。
■在2022年9月至2023年6月之间搜索了数据库,包括PubMed,CINAHL,PsycINFO,Scopus,WebofScience核心合集,ProQuest论文和论文全球,指南网站和相关专业协会网站。选择数据库是为了全面覆盖该地区。
■符合条件的文章包括提供糖尿病足部护理建议的指导文件,在2013年至2023年之间发布或更新。根据自我护理模型的关键概念,两名审阅者总结了至少两个指南中提出的建议。使用PRISMA-ScR检查表。
■包括17条准则。总的来说,我们综合了175条建议。建议分为三个维度及其各自的类别:自我护理维护(预防教育,控制风险因素,日常足部护理,鞋类,和袜子),自我护理监测(足部检查,检测感染迹象,以及检测其他与糖尿病相关的足部疾病并发症),和自我护理管理(对体征和症状的反应,足部伤口护理,与卫生专业人员的后续行动,和卫生服务)。
■足部护理的主要方面围绕日常护理,包括清洁,保湿,指甲护理,选择合适的鞋类,并定期检查双脚和鞋类。
UNASSIGNED: Type 2 diabetes can lead to severe foot complications, making self-care education, guided by clinical guidelines, crucial. However, fragmented and dispersed recommendations challenge effective implementation of these guidelines. Bringing together recommendations and presenting them according to a self-care model can provide a solid framework and facilitate the interpretation of results.
UNASSIGNED: to map the international guidelines that provide recommendations to nurses to enable people with type 2 diabetes for foot self-care and synthesize the recommendations according to the key concepts of the middle-range theory of self-care for chronic diseases.
UNASSIGNED: A scoping review was undertaken, using the methodological guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute.
UNASSIGNED: Databases were searched between September 2022 and June 2023, including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, guideline websites and related professional association websites. The databases were chosen for their comprehensive coverage of the area.
UNASSIGNED: Eligible articles included guidance documents providing foot care recommendations for diabetes, published or updated between 2013 and 2023. Two reviewers summarized the recommendations presented in at least two guidelines according to the key concepts of the self-care model. The PRISMA-ScR checklist was used.
UNASSIGNED: Seventeen guidelines were included. In total, we synthesized 175 recommendations. The recommendations were framed in three dimensions and their respective categories: Self-care maintenance (education for prevention, control of risk factors, daily foot care, footwear, and socks), Self-care monitoring (foot inspection, detection of signs of infection, and detection of other diabetes-related foot disease complications), and Self-care management (responses to signs and symptoms, foot wound care, follow-up with health professionals, and health services).
UNASSIGNED: The main aspect of foot care revolves around daily care, including cleaning, moisturizing, nail care, selecting appropriate footwear, and regular inspection of both feet and footwear.