目标:在毒品犯罪化政策发生变化后,我们重新检查了美国吸毒人群(PWUD)中药物逮捕的流行病学
方法:利用了全国药物使用和健康调查(2015-2019)的系列横断面数据.按年份描述了过去一年的非法药物使用(不包括大麻)和药物逮捕情况,居住区,药物使用特征和参与者人口统计学。使用多变量逻辑回归估计种族和药物逮捕之间的调整后关联。
结果:过去一年的非法药物使用随着时间的推移保持一致,并且在非西班牙裔(NH)白人受访者中最高。在报告过去一年非法药物使用的人中(n=25,429),随着时间的推移,药物逮捕的流行率在整体和都会区保持稳定,而在非都会区则呈上升趋势.NH黑人参与者和低收入人群的逮捕率上升,失业,住房过渡,非都会区住宅,多物质使用,注射药物史,物质使用依赖和过去一年的药物销售。在NHBlack个体中,调整后的药物停药几率仍然显著较高[aOR1.92,95%CI1.30,2.84]。
结论:尽管最近从惩罚性药物政策转变,我们发现全国范围内的毒品逮捕没有减少,而非都会区的流行率没有增加。尽管报告的非法药物使用和毒品销售水平最低,NHBlack个人多年来被捕的几率显着增加。调查结果强调,需要进一步审查不同环境下的政策执行和警务做法,随着更多的研究集中在非都会区,解决毒品执法中持久的结构性种族主义及其对健康的影响。
OBJECTIVE: Following changes to drug criminalization policies, we re-examine the epidemiology of drug arrests among people who use drugs (PWUD) in the U.S.
METHODS: Serial cross-sectional data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2019) were utilized. Past-year illicit drug use (excluding cannabis) and drug arrests were described by year, area of residence, drug use characteristics and participant demographics. Adjusted associations between race and drug arrest were estimated using multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS: Past-year illicit drug use remained consistent over time and was highest among non-Hispanic (NH) white respondents. Of those reporting past-year illicit drug use (n = 25,429), prevalence of drug arrests remained stable over time overall and in metro areas while increasing in non-metro areas. Arrests were elevated among NH Black participants and those with lower income, unemployment, housing transience, non-metro area residence, polysubstance use, history of drug injection, substance use dependence and past-year drug selling. Adjusted odds of drug arrest remained significantly higher among NH Black individuals [aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.30, 2.84].
CONCLUSIONS: Despite recent shifts away from punitive drug policies, we detected no reduction in drug arrests nationally and increasing prevalence in non-metro areas. Despite reporting the lowest level of illicit substance use and drug selling, NH Black individuals had significantly increased odds of arrest across years. Findings highlight the need for further examination of policy implementation and
policing practices in different settings, with more research focused non-metro areas, to address enduring structural racism in drug enforcement and its consequences for health.