背景:在养殖鱼类中,由于呼吸道表现而引起的单一Gills感染会导致大量死亡。药用植物由于其丰富的营养,目前在水产养殖中受到高度重视,治疗性的,抗菌活性,和财务价值。
方法:本研究旨在评估大蒜(葱)和洋葱(葱)提取物作为水处理对血液学特征的影响,先天免疫,除了感染单基因吸虫(Dactylogyrussp。。).首先,大蒜提取物(GE)和洋葱提取物(OE)的96小时致死浓度50(96h-LC50)估计为0.4g/L,GE和OE为3.54g/L,分别。此外,发现(GE)的体外抗寄生虫潜能在0.02至0.18mg/mL之间,OE在0.4至1.8mg/mL之间。对于治疗性试验,鱼(n=120;体重:40-60g)随机分为四组,一式三份(30条鱼/组,10条鱼/重复)3天。组1(G1)未感染或治疗,并作为对照。G2感染了Dactylogyrusspp。不接受任何治疗.G3,G4感染了Dactylogyrussp。并用96小时OELC50的1/10和1/5处理,分别。G5,G6感染了Dactylogyrussp。并用GE的96小时LC50的1/10和1/5处理,分别。
结果:对照组未发现明显的体征或行为。Dactylogyrusspp。感染组的临床症状为颜色苍白和组织受损。Dactylogyrusspp。感染诱导的血液学降低(HB,MCH,MCHC和WBC),和免疫学变量(溶菌酶,一氧化氮,血清抗蛋白酶活性,和补充3)。通过用A.sativum和A.cepa提取物治疗,细胞因子基因IL-β和TNF-α的表达得到调节和改善。感染(Dactylogyrusspp。)是增生,导致g丝融合,上皮组织的提升,动脉瘤和水肿。结果表明,与对照组相比,G4和G5的上皮再生程度更高。
结论:A.sativum和A.cepa提取物增强血液轮廓和非特异性免疫参数,并下调(IL-1β和TNF-α)的表达水平。
BACKGROUND: Gills monogenean infestation causes significant mortalities in cultured fishes as a result of respiratory manifestation. Medicinal plants are currently being heavily emphasized in aquaculture due to their great nutritional, therapeutic, antimicrobial activities, and financial value.
METHODS: The current study is designed to assess the effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts as a water treatment on the hematological profile, innate immunity, and immune cytokines expression besides histopathological features of gills of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) infected with gills monogenetic trematodes (Dactylogyrus sp.). Firstly, the 96-hour lethal concentration 50 (96 h-LC50) of garlic extract (GE) and onion extract (OE) were estimated to be 0.4 g/ L and 3.54 g/ L for GE and OE, respectively. Moreover, the in-vitro anti-parasitic potential for (GE) was found between 0.02 and 0.18 mg/mL and 0.4 to 1.8 mg/mL for OE. For the therapeutic trial, fish (n = 120; body weight: 40-60 g) were randomly distributed into four groups in triplicates (30 fish/group, 10 fish/replicate) for 3 days. Group1 (G1) was not infected or treated and served as control. G2 was infected with Dactylogyrus spp. and not exposed to any treatment. G3, G4 were infected with Dactylogyrus sp. and treated with 1/10 and 1/5 of 96 h LC50 of OE, respectively. G5, G6 were infected with Dactylogyrus sp. and treated with 1/10 and 1/5 of 96 h LC50 of GE, respectively.
RESULTS: No apparent signs or behaviors were noted in the control group. Dactylogyrus spp. infected group suffered from clinical signs as Pale color and damaged tissue. Dactylogyrus spp. infection induced lowering of the hematological (HB, MCH, MCHC and WBCs), and immunological variables (lysozyme, nitric oxide, serum Anti- protease activities, and complement 3). the expression of cytokine genes IL-ß and TNF-α were modulated and improved by treatment with A. sativum and A. cepa extracts. The obtained histopathological alterations of the gills of fish infected with (Dactylogyrus spp.) were hyperplasia leading to fusion of the gill filament, lifting of epithelial tissue, aneurism and edema. The results indecated that G4 and G5 is more regenarated epithelium in compare with the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: A. sativum and A. cepa extracts enhance the blood profile and nonspecific immune parameters, and down-regulated the expression level of (IL-1β and TNF-α).