Abstract：
In this study, the toxicity of the pesticide cypermethrin and the protective properties of royal jelly against this toxicity were investigated using Allium cepa L., a model organism. Toxicity was evaluated using 6 mg/L cypermethrin, while royal jelly (250 mg/L and 500 mg/L) was used in combination with cypermethrin to test the protective effect. To comprehend toxicity and protective impact, growth, genotoxicity, biochemical, comet assay and anatomical parameters were employed. Royal jelly had no harmful effects when applied alone. On the other hand, following exposure to cypermethrin, there was a reduction in weight increase, root elongation, rooting percentage, mitotic index (MI), and chlorophyll a and b. Cypermethrin elevated the frequencies of micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs), levels of proline and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity rates of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A spectral change in the DNA spectrum indicated that the interaction of cypermethrin with DNA was one of the reasons for its genotoxicity, and molecular docking investigations suggested that tubulins, histones, and topoisomerases might also interact with this pesticide. Cypermethrin also triggered some critical meristematic cell damage in the root tissue. At the same time, DNA tail results obtained from the comet assay revealed that cypermethrin caused DNA fragmentation. When royal jelly was applied together with cypermethrin, all negatively affected parameters due to the toxicity of cypermethrin were substantially restored. However, even at the maximum studied dose of 500 mg/L of royal jelly, this restoration did not reach the levels of the control group. Thus, the toxicity of cypermethrin and the protective function of royal jelly against this toxicity in A. cepa, the model organism studied, were determined by using many different approaches. Royal jelly is a reliable, well-known and easily accessible protective functional food candidate against the harmful effects of hazardous substances such as pesticides.
摘要：
在这项研究中,使用洋葱研究了氯氰菊酯的毒性和蜂王浆对这种毒性的保护性能，一个模式生物。使用6mg/L氯氰菊酯评估毒性，蜂王浆（250mg/L和500mg/L）与氯氰菊酯结合使用以测试保护作用。了解毒性和保护性影响，增长,遗传毒性，生物化学，使用彗星测定和解剖参数。蜂王浆单独使用时没有有害影响。另一方面,暴露于氯氰菊酯之后,体重增加有所减少，根伸长,生根率，有丝分裂指数（MI），和叶绿素a和b。氯氰菊酯提高了微核（MN）和染色体畸变（CA）的频率，脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）的水平，以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性速率。DNA光谱的光谱变化表明氯氰菊酯与DNA的相互作用是其遗传毒性的原因之一，分子对接研究表明，微管蛋白，组蛋白,和拓扑异构酶也可能与这种农药相互作用。氯氰菊酯还引发了根组织中一些关键的分生组织细胞损伤。同时,从彗星测定获得的DNA尾部结果表明氯氰菊酯引起DNA片段化。当蜂王浆与氯氰菊酯一起使用时，由于氯氰菊酯的毒性，所有负面影响的参数都基本恢复。然而,即使在500毫克/升蜂王浆的最大研究剂量，这种恢复没有达到对照组的水平.因此，氯氰菊酯的毒性和蜂王浆对这种毒性的保护作用。所研究的模式生物，是通过使用许多不同的方法确定的。蜂王浆是一种可靠的，众所周知，易于获得的保护性功能性食品候选物，可抵抗农药等有害物质的有害影响。
