Abstract：
The coexistence of emerging pollutants like nanoplastics and xenoestrogen chemicals such as Bisphenol A (BPA) raises significant environmental concerns. While the individual impacts of BPA and polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) on plants have been studied, their combined effects are not well understood. This study examines the interactions between eco-corona formation, physicochemical properties, and cyto-genotoxic effects of PSNPs and BPA on onion (Allium cepa) root tip cells. Eco-corona formation was induced by exposing BPA-PSNP mixtures to soil extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and changes were analyzed using 3D-EEM, TEM, FTIR, hydrodynamic diameter, and contact angle measurements. Onion roots were treated with BPA (2.5, 5, and 10 mgL-1) combined with plain, aminated, and carboxylated PSNPs (100 mgL-1), with and without EPS interaction. Toxicity was assessed via cell viability, oxidative stress markers (superoxide radical, total ROS, hydroxyl radical), lipid peroxidation, SOD and catalase activity, mitotic index, and chromosomal abnormalities. BPA alone increased cytotoxic and genotoxic parameters in a dose-dependent manner. BPA with aminated PSNPs exhibited the highest toxicity among the pristine mixtures, revealing increased chromosomal abnormalities, oxidative stress, and cell mortality with rising BPA concentrations. In-silico experiments demonstrated the relationship between superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase enzymes, PSNPs, BPA, and their mixtures. EPS adsorption notably reduced cyto-genotoxic effects, lipid peroxidation, and ROS levels, mitigating the toxicity of BPA-PSNP mixtures.
摘要：
新兴污染物如纳米塑料和异雌激素化学物质如双酚A（BPA）的共存引起了重大的环境问题。虽然已经研究了BPA和聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（PSNPs）对植物的影响，他们的综合影响还没有得到很好的理解。这项研究考察了生态日冕形成之间的相互作用，物理化学性质，PSNPs和BPA对洋葱根尖细胞的细胞遗传毒性作用。通过将BPA-PSNP混合物暴露于土壤胞外聚合物（EPS）来诱导生态电晕的形成，使用3D-EEM分析变化，TEM,FTIR,流体动力学直径,和接触角测量。洋葱根用BPA（2.5、5和10mgL-1）联合平原处理，胺化,和羧化PSNPs（100mgL-1），有和没有EPS相互作用。通过细胞活力评估毒性，氧化应激标志物(超氧自由基，总ROS，羟基自由基)，脂质过氧化，SOD和过氧化氢酶活性，有丝分裂指数,和染色体异常.单独的BPA以剂量依赖性方式增加细胞毒性和遗传毒性参数。含胺化PSNP的BPA在原始混合物中表现出最高的毒性，显示染色体异常增加，氧化应激，和BPA浓度升高的细胞死亡率。计算机实验证明了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶，PSNP,BPA,和它们的混合物。EPS吸附显着降低了细胞遗传毒性作用，脂质过氧化，和ROS水平，减轻BPA-PSNP混合物的毒性。
