PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Combining commercial antibiotics with adjuvants to lower their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is vital in combating antimicrobial resistance. Evaluating the ecotoxicity of such compounds is crucial due to environmental and health risks. Here, eugenol was assessed as an adjuvant for 7 commercial antibiotics against 14 pathogenic bacteria in vitro, also examining its acute ecotoxicity on various soil and water organisms (microbiota, Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna, Eisenia foetida, and Allium cepa). Using microdilution methods, checkerboard assays, and kinetic studies, the MICs for eugenol were determined together with the nature of its combinations with antibiotics against bacteria, some unexposed to eugenol previously. The lethal dose for the non-target organisms was also determined, as well as the Average Well Color Development and the Community-Level Physiological Profiling for soil and water microbiota. Our findings indicate that eugenol significantly reduces MICs by 75 to 98%, which means that it could be a potent adjuvant. Ecotoxicological assessments showed eugenol to be less harmful to water and soil microbiota compared to studied antibiotics. While Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna were susceptible, Allium cepa and Eisenia foetida were minimally affected. Given that only 0.1% of eugenol is excreted by humans without metabolism, its environmental risk when used with antibiotics appears minimal.
摘要：
将商业抗生素与佐剂结合以降低其最小抑制浓度(MIC)对于对抗抗微生物耐药性至关重要。由于环境和健康风险，评估此类化合物的生态毒性至关重要。这里,丁香酚在体外被评估为7种商业抗生素对14种致病菌的佐剂，还检查其对各种土壤和水生物的急性生态毒性(微生物群，费氏弧菌,大型水蚤,eiseniafoetida,和洋葱）。使用微量稀释方法，棋盘分析，和动力学研究，丁香酚的MIC及其与抗细菌抗生素组合的性质进行了测定，有些以前没有接触过丁香酚。还确定了非目标生物的致死剂量，以及土壤和水微生物群的平均井色发育和社区水平的生理分析。我们的研究结果表明，丁香酚显著降低了75％至98％的MIC，这意味着它可能是一种有效的佐剂。生态毒理学评估显示，与研究的抗生素相比，丁香酚对水和土壤微生物群的危害较小。虽然费氏弧菌和大型水蚤易感，洋葱和艾森纳受影响最小。鉴于只有0.1％的丁香酚被人类排泄而没有新陈代谢，与抗生素一起使用时，其环境风险似乎很小。
