炎症性关节炎是老年人致残的主要原因。这种情况会导致关节疼痛,功能丧失,生活质量下降,主要是由于骨关节炎(OA)和类风湿性关节炎(RA)。目前,炎性关节炎的可用治疗选择包括口服抗炎药,topic,或关节内路线,手术,和身体康复。治疗炎症性关节炎的新替代方法,到目前为止,由于灾难性的经济负担和微不足道的治疗益处,仍然是巨大的挑战。鉴于非靶向的全身细胞毒性和药物治疗的生物利用度有限,一个主要关注的问题是使用纳米材料建立刺激响应性药物递送系统,在生物医学应用中具有开关潜力.这篇综述总结了取决于各种内部刺激(包括还原-氧化(氧化还原),pH值,和酶)和外部刺激(包括温度,超声(美国),磁性,照片,电压,和机械摩擦)。该综述还探讨了基于病理变化使用刺激响应性纳米材料来管理炎症性关节炎的进展和挑战。包括软骨退化,滑膜炎,软骨下骨破坏.暴露于由这种组织病理学改变引起的适当刺激可以触发治疗药物的释放。在炎性关节炎的关节靶向治疗中势在必行。
Inflammatory arthritis is a major cause of disability in the elderly. This condition causes joint pain, loss of function, and deterioration of quality of life, mainly due to osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Currently, available treatment options for inflammatory arthritis include anti-inflammatory medications administered via oral, topical, or intra-articular routes, surgery, and physical rehabilitation. Novel alternative approaches to managing inflammatory arthritis, so far, remain the grand challenge owing to catastrophic financial burden and insignificant therapeutic benefit. In the view of non-targeted systemic cytotoxicity and limited bioavailability of drug therapies, a major concern is to establish stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems using nanomaterials with on-off switching potential for biomedical applications. This review summarizes the advanced applications of triggerable nanomaterials dependent on various internal stimuli (including reduction-oxidation (redox), pH, and enzymes) and external stimuli (including temperature, ultrasound (US), magnetic, photo, voltage, and mechanical friction). The review also explores the progress and challenges with the use of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials to manage inflammatory arthritis based on pathological changes, including cartilage degeneration, synovitis, and subchondral bone destruction. Exposure to appropriate stimuli induced by such histopathological alterations can trigger the release of therapeutic medications, imperative in the joint-targeted treatment of inflammatory arthritis.