牛奶生物活性是指牛奶成分超出营养的特定健康影响。牛奶生物活性的科学涉及对这些成分及其健康影响的系统研究,正如经验数据所证实的那样,受控实验,和逻辑参数。相反,“对牛奶生物活性的信念”可以定义为个人意见,意思是,值,信任,希望对健康的影响超出自然调查的范围,社会,或人文科学。信仰可以是严格世俗的,但也受到灵性或宗教的影响。本文的目的是证明科学知识经常与信仰信念相结合,以建立个人和公众对牛奶生物活性的理解。哺乳动物乳是一种极其复杂的液体,含有无数的蛋白质,碳水化合物,脂质,和跨物种具有多种功能的微量营养素,遗传学,年龄,环境,和文化。人类健康不仅包括身体健康,也是社交,心理,和精神健康,需要广泛不同的科学领域来证明相关性,安全,和牛奶干预的功效。牛奶喂养与健康结果之间的这些复杂关系阻止了仅基于科学和逻辑的坚定结论。当前对母乳价值的信念和理解,初乳,婴儿配方奶粉,或分离的乳蛋白(例如,免疫球蛋白,α-乳清蛋白,乳铁蛋白,和增长因素)表明科学和信仰都有助于理解,刺激,或限制牛奶生物活性的使用。母乳喂养对婴儿的好处是毋庸置疑的,但是对其健康影响的强烈信念不仅依赖于科学,和机制尚不清楚。同样,害怕,或者信任,婴儿配方奶粉可能依赖于科学和信仰。来自科学的知识可以保护个人和社会免受“牛奶生物活性迷信”的侵害。相反,来自基于信仰的信念的智慧可能会保护科学免受不切实际的“牛奶生物活性科学主义”的影响。当告知个人和社会有关牛奶的营养和生物活性品质时,关于科学知识和信仰信念的潜力和局限性的诚实和透明非常重要。
Milk bioactivity refers to the specific health effects of milk components beyond nutrition. The science of milk bioactivity involves the systematic study of these components and their health effects, as verified by empirical data, controlled experiments, and logical arguments. Conversely, \'faith in milk bioactivity\' can be defined as personal opinion, meaning, value, trust, and hope for health effects that are beyond investigation by natural, social, or human sciences. Faith can be strictly secular, but also influenced by spirituality or religion. The aim of this paper is to show that scientific knowledge is frequently supplemented with faith convictions to establish personal and public understanding of milk bioactivity. Mammalian milk is an immensely complex fluid containing myriad proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and micronutrients with multiple functions across species, genetics, ages, environments, and cultures. Human health includes not only physical health, but also social, mental, and spiritual health, requiring widely different fields of science to prove the relevance, safety, and efficacy of milk interventions. These complex relationships between milk feeding and health outcomes prevent firm conclusions based on science and logic alone. Current beliefs in and understanding of the value of breast milk, colostrum, infant formula, or isolated milk proteins (e.g., immunoglobulins, α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, and growth factors) show that both science and faith contribute to understand, stimulate, or restrict the use of milk bioactivity. The benefits of breastfeeding for infants are beyond doubt, but the strong beliefs in its health effects rely not only on science, and mechanisms are unclear. Likewise, fear of, or trust in, infant formula may rely on both science and faith. Knowledge from science safeguards individuals and society against \'milk bioactivity superstition\'. Conversely, wisdom from faith-based convictions may protect science from unrealistic \'milk bioactivity scientism\'. Honesty and transparency about the potentials and limitations of both scientific knowledge and faith convictions are important when informing individuals and society about the nutritious and bioactive qualities of milk.