Hate crime has become an increasingly familiar term within global scholarship, with advancements in conceptual understanding and empirical knowledge helping to generate improved policy responses across many parts of the world. However, the continued demonization of \'other\' identities, the escalating volume of hate incidents worldwide and the prevailing climate of rising tensions, decreasing resources and political de-prioritization all suggest that many urgent challenges remain. Contributors to this special issue have dismantled common stereotypes and misperceptions which hamper our collective capacity to address contemporary expressions of hate and violence. In doing so, they draw from their research evidence to identify \"hidden\" challenges which should be at the forefront of attempts to address the causes, effects, and prevention of all forms of violence. This call for reconfiguration is the unifying theme which runs through each article, and which paves the way for more nuanced analyses that offer new frameworks for responding to the diverse and changing patterns of violence. These are challenges which straddle disciplinary boundaries, geographical borders, and the physical/digital world, and which demand the international, intersectional, and interdisciplinary perspectives evident within this special issue.

This study examined secondary (high) school teachers\' experiences of online delivery of health and physical education (HPE) during Covid-19 suppression measures in one Australian state in 2020. Research has noted the use of blended learning and flipped classrooms in HPE, yet little is known about the delivery of fully online school HPE. Semi-structured interviews occurred with eight high school HPE specialist teachers, providing qualitative data for analysis. The analysis of teachers\' experiences indicated that in most cases HPE did not happen; rather, physical activity provision was initiated, or HPE was marginalised to a movement break between subjects with perceived higher status and priority. Additionally, teachers found that providing HPE online was challenging, and struggled to connect with, engage and provide equitable opportunities for their students online. The results showed that the move to online provision of HPE resulted in diminished educative purpose.

This article is the first scholarly research focusing exclusively on the history of Jews with disabilities in the Kingdom of Poland from the 1860s to 1914. It analyses sources drawn from the Jewish press in Yiddish, Polish, and Hebrew. Areas of investigation include the hierarchy of attitudes towards different categories of individuals with disabilities, spiritual perspectives on disability, and the portrayal of disabilities within Jewish literature. The study places particular emphasis on the Jewish deaf community, given the proliferation of available source material. Drawing on the broad conceptual framework of disability studies, the authors examine the phenomenon of medicalisation, tracing its influence on Jewish public discourse over the latter half of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth.

BACKGROUND: There are clear inequalities in COVID - 19 vaccination rates amongst marginalised groups, with lower rates for some minoritised ethnic and religious groups, younger people, those living in more deprived areas, and with lower socio-economic status. Existing research focuses on psychological and socio-economic factors that influence vaccine uptake and does not explore broader social and historical contexts. Understanding inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake requires a critical examination of the drivers of, and barriers to, vaccination.
METHODS: We present findings from a co-designed qualitative research study undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focus groups and interviews were used to examine the context underpinning responses to the COVID-19 vaccination in Greater Manchester, particularly focussing on experiences of marginalisation. Thematic framework analysis was used to analyse the data.
RESULTS: We found that the public\'s responses to the COVID-19 vaccination programme are intertwined with a longstanding history of institutional distrust and disenfranchisement, resulting from experiences of marginalisation and social inequalities. This was exacerbated further by the disproportionate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on minoritised ethnic groups, younger people, and those with existing health conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: Histories of structural inequalities experienced by minoritised groups invoked feelings of suspicion and scepticism at the motivations of the agencies behind the vaccination rollout. This highlights the need for a contextualised analysis of attitudes to vaccines, considering pre-existing inequalities, which may be especially relevant for conceptualising public responses to the vaccination programme. Finally, our study shows the important ways in which public (dis)trust can impact public health policies. We recommend this should be incorporated into responses to future public health crises.

UNASSIGNED: Social exclusion is a process whereby certain individuals are born into or pushed to the margins of society and prevented from participating in social, cultural, economic, and political life. People who experience social exclusion are not afforded the same rights and privileges as other population groups. Socially excluded people often experience poorer outcomes in a variety of domains including health, education, employment, and housing than people with socio-economic privilege. People experiencing social exclusion frequently have higher and more complex health needs and poorer access to healthcare than the general population. The aim of this study is to better understand and explain how social exclusion occurs and how it impacts health over the life course.
UNASSIGNED: A realist review will be undertaken. Data will be collected via a systematic search of databases of peer-reviewed literature and further iterative searches of peer-reviewed and other literatures as needed. The following data bases will be searched: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and ASSIA, using both indexed subject headings in each database and relevant key words. Grey literature will be searched via Google Scholar and relevant websites of organisations that work with populations affected by social exclusion.
UNASSIGNED: A realist review will be conducted to explain the underlying societal mechanisms which produce social exclusion and related health outcomes in particular contexts affecting excluded population groups across the life course. The study has the potential to inform policy makers and service managers of how and why social exclusion occurs and potential key intervention points to prevent exclusion from happening.

This article argues the voice of people with dementia was missing from the Australian Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety (RCAC) Final Report. This absence was notwithstanding that the RCAC was explicitly tasked to inquire into dementia care. The RCAC Final Report is shown to marginalise the perspective and experience of people with dementia in the aged care system at the same time as prioritising substitute voices of experts, advocates, family and care partners. This absence of voice repeats and re-inscribes framing of people with dementia as \"missing persons\". Where people with dementia face practical and legal barriers to participate in civic and legal processes, the RCAC failed to adjust its methodologies to ensure their voices were \"heard\". The RCAC\'s re-inscription of marginalisation of people with dementia raises concerns for the legitimacy and success of its recommendations for dementia aged care reform.

COVID-19 highlighted interconnections between matters of identity and citizenship, vulnerability, and inclusion in/exclusion from systems of care in times of crisis. Migrant workers from Nagaland state, northeast India, were disproportionately impacted by the pandemic\'s socioeconomic consequences. The public health emergency brought into question who is \'Indian\' and the citizenship rights attached to that identity, heightening migrants\' exclusion from central structures. Communitarian responses in Nagaland enhanced resilience in the face of often inadequate government responses; however, COVID-19 also exposed structural inequalities within and between Naga communities. This study shows that identity-based citizenship regimes and multi-nation federalism interact to increase minorities\' exclusion during crises, and that crises can strengthen both divisions and solidarity at the local level in multi-nation federal systems. Inclusion in and exclusion from systems of care are shaped by and can reshape notions of identity and citizenship, underlining the need for inclusive sociopolitical systems to mitigate crises in multi-nation federal states.
أبرزت جائحة كوفيد‐19 الترابط بين مسائل الهوية، والمواطنة، والضعف، والشمول في نُظُم الرعاية والإقصاء منها في أوقات الأزمات؛ فقد تأثر العمال المهاجرون من ولاية ناغالاند في شمال شرق الهند بصورة غير متناسبة بالعواقب الاجتماعية والاقتصادية للجائحة، وأثارت الجائحة تساؤلات حول من هو ”الهندي“ وحقوق المواطنة المرتبطة بهذه الهوية، مما أدى إلى زيادة إقصاء المهاجرين من الهياكل المركزية، وعززت الاستجابات المجتمعية في ناغالاند القدرة على الصمود في مواجهة الاستجابات الحكومية التي غالباً ما تكون غير كافية؛ لكن جائحة كوفيد‐19 كشفت أيضاً عن أوجه عدم المساواة الهيكلية داخل مجتمعات ناغالاند المحلية وفيما بينها، وتُظهر الدراسة أن نُظُم المواطنة القائمة على الهوية والفيدرالية التعددية تتفاعل على نحو يزيد إقصاء الأقليات أثناء الأزمات وأن الأزمات يمكن أن تعزز الانقسامات والتضامن على المستويات المحلية في النُظُم الفيدرالية التعددية، ويتشكل الشمول في نُظُم الرعاية والإقصاء منها من خلال مفاهيم الهوية والمواطنة ويمكنهما أن يعيد تشكيلها، مما يبرز الحاجة إلى نُظُم اجتماعية وسياسية شاملة للتخفيف من الأزمات في الولايات الفيدرالية التعددية. الكلمات الدالة: المواطنة، كوفيد‐19، الهوية، الهند، الانتماء إلى الشعوب الأصلية، التهميش، الهجرة، ناغالاند، الضعف، القدرة على الصمود.
新冠肺炎突出了身份和公民权、脆弱性以及危机时期被医疗系统纳入/排除等问题之间的相互关系。疫情对来自印度东北部那伽兰邦的移民工人的社会经济影响特别严重。疫情让人们开始质疑谁是“印度人”以及这一身份带来的公民权利，突出了移民被排除在中心结构之外的状况。面对常常并不充足的政府应对措施，那伽兰邦的社区回应加强了抵御能力；但是新冠肺炎也暴露出那伽兰社区内部和社区之间的结构性不平等。该研究表明，基于身份的公民权和多元化联邦制的相互作用加剧了危机期间少数群体的排斥现象；危机亦可加强多元联邦体系中地方层面的分歧或团结。医疗体系的包容和排斥是由身份和公民权的概念造就的，并也对其有反作用，这凸显了包容性社会政治体系在多元联邦州中对危机缓解的必要性。 关键词：公民权、新冠肺炎、身份、印度、本土、边缘化、移民、那伽兰邦、脆弱性、复原力.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted and exacerbated inequities in health for structurally marginalised Canadians. Their location on society\'s hierarchies constrained their ability to access healthcare and follow recommended health behaviours. The aim of this article is to identify, from the perspective of marginalised populations, factors influencing the acceptance or rejection of COVID-19 countermeasures by structurally marginalised Canadians. Interviews were conducted with Canadians 18 + who identified as Black (n = 8), First Nations, Métis, or Inuit (n = 7) and low-income (<40,000 annual household income) (n = 8) between August and December 2021. Measures were said to impact well-being and interfere with revenue generating activities. Longstanding unfavourable living and environmental conditions as they relate to structural marginalisation was said to fuel anger toward the government and lead to a greater reluctance to accept countermeasures. Participants described concerns about government decisions being made without considering their unique contexts, or knowledge of the experiences of the population for whom these decisions were being made. Effective proactive action from government is important to foster trust with marginalised populations to support acceptance of health information and address growing inequities. Action that demonstrates government competence and commitment to the interests of marginalised populations is critical.

OBJECTIVE: Becoming a non-resident father through divorce is stressful and this often results in compromised mental health and well-being. Non-resident fathers\' mental well-being has been measured at very low levels which may require clinical treatment, especially when correlated with child access and family court issues. A United Nations report highlighted how non-resident fathers may be marginalised, but to date, limited literature considers the lives of non-resident fathers from their own perspective and reflecting their own voice and it has been claimed that as fathers are often absent from parenting research, this absence, they are not heard. The aim of this paper was to identify how non-resident fathers\' interactions with legal and welfare services and ex-partners may result in their marginalisation and affect their mental health.
METHODS: In-depth interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with 19 non-resident fathers, both long term, newly divorced or in the divorce process, so as to capture a long range view of their experiences. Thematic Analysis was used for data analysis and the generation of the themes.
RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the data: (1) Becoming a non-resident father with two sub themes; (2) Being in a state of distress, with three sub-themes and (3) Managing distress and seeking help, with two sub-themes. Participants reported a lack of agency, lack of power in decision making and a lack of social and financial resources all contributing to the deterioration in their self-reported experiences of mental health. This impact was highlighted by the number of participants who undertook counselling or psychological assistance to deal with their perceived marginalisation, feeling of invisibility and disempowerment.
CONCLUSIONS: The implications of marginalisation for non-resident fathers\' mental health, as outlined by the participants, are discussed regarding the impact of becoming a non-resident father, legal aspects, welfare service experiences and relationship with ex-partner. The chronic stress experienced by non-resident fathers who often find themselves in a situation which is difficult to resolve without major compromises to their desired outcomes must be recognised.
UNASSIGNED: One means of achieving better mental health for non-resident fathers is to address the impact of marginalisation and lack of agency and that court processes are resolved swiftly with a view to increasing non-resident father\'s agency in post-divorce decision making.

There is little knowledge about how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted people who are socially marginalised, including individuals who face barriers when attempting to access services such as social safety nets, the labour market, or housing. There is even less understanding about women living under these circumstances. The aims of this study are therefore to examine the material and mental impacts of COVID-19 among socially marginalised women (compared with socially marginalised men) as well as influencing factors. The study is based on survey data (N = 304) involving people who are clients of social care organisations in thirteen European countries. The sample includes clients: a) living in their homes, b) in facilities, and c) on the street and in temporary accommodations. Results indicate that although material impacts were not significantly different for female and male respondents, socially marginalised women have experienced more severe mental impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic than socially marginalised men. Female respondents have been significantly more worried about COVID-19 infection than men, and they report significantly more PTSD-symptoms related to the pandemic. Quantitative results indicate that these differences are related to the fact that the female respondents worry more about health risks (e.g. falling ill). Female respondents also seem to be harder hit mentally by the material impacts of COVID-19. Among the free text survey answers regarding the biggest problem for the respondents after the outbreak of the pandemic, the most prevalent reply (among both men and women) was related to material impacts of the pandemic (39% of the respondents), particularly the loss of work (65%). While women reported deterioration of social relations more often, men mentioned lacking access to services more frequently.