背景:口腔癌和口腔潜在恶性肿瘤(OPMD)是南亚和东南亚的主要健康问题。
目的:描述和讨论南亚和东南亚口腔癌和OPMD的临床方面。
方法:过去四十年的概念和数据的文献综述。
结论:亚洲国家约占全球口腔癌(OC)新发病例的三分之二,南亚和东南亚国家的负担最高,包括巴基斯坦和印度。习惯,饮食模式,社会经济地位,在这些地区,获得常规牙科护理对确定OC的人口统计学和临床表现起着至关重要的作用,并显着影响该疾病的发病率和死亡率。该地区看到使用不同类型的烟草,有或没有槟榔(AN),比如潘·马萨拉,古特卡,古尔,鼻烟,mawa,还有Mishri.斯里兰卡男性的烟草使用率很高,缅甸,马尔代夫,孟加拉国,尼泊尔,印度和不丹。槟榔是全球第四大最常见的成瘾性物质,在南亚和东南亚国家经常使用,包括中国东南部,海南岛,印度,台湾,还有太平洋岛屿,来自非洲这些地区的移民,欧洲,和北美。使用这些产品会导致粘膜改变,并伴有口腔潜在恶性疾病(OPMD)和OC的各种临床表现。我们在这里讨论OPMD和OC的不同类型,诊断辅助工具及其在临床实践中的相关性,以及影响其预后的因素。
BACKGROUND: Oral cancer and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) are major health problems in South and Southeast Asia.
OBJECTIVE: To describe and discuss the clinical aspects of Oral Cancer and OPMD in South and Southeast Asia.
METHODS: Literature review of concepts and data over the last four decades.
CONCLUSIONS: Asian countries account for about two-thirds of new cases of oral cancer (OC) globally, with the highest burden in the South and Southeast Asian countries, including Pakistan and India. Habits, dietary patterns, socioeconomic status, and access to routine dental care play a crucial role in defining the demographics and clinical presentation of OC in these regions and significantly influence the morbidity and mortality of the disease. This region sees the use of different types of tobacco with or without areca nut (AN), such as pan masala, gutka, gul, snuff, mawa, and mishri. Tobacco use is high among men in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Maldives, Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Bhutan. Areca nut is the fourth most common addictive substance globally and is frequently used in South and Southeast Asian countries, including Southeast China, Hainan Island, India, Taiwan, and the Pacific Islands, and immigrants from these regions in Africa, Europe, and North America. The use of these products results in mucosal alterations with varied clinical presentation of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) and OC. We discuss here the different types of OPMD and OC, the diagnostic aids and their relevance in clinical practice, and factors that influence their prognosis.