UNASSIGNED: Haematological abnormalities are common among tuberculosis patients but there is dearth of information on their value as prognostic markers in Multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients. This study examined the association between complete blood count variables and drug resistant tuberculosis.
UNASSIGNED: Nighty (90) consenting adults comprising 30 Drug Resistant Tuberculosis patients (DR-TB), 30 Drug susceptible tuberculosis patients (DS-TB) and 30 healthy participants were recruited in this study. Ethical approval was obtained from Oyo State Ministry of Health Institutional Review Board while patients\' demographic data were collected using structured questionnaire. Five milliliters (5mL) of blood samples were collected in EDTA bottle. Haematological parameters were analysed using impedance technique and Mindary-BG5380 5-part automated system.
UNASSIGNED: The mean hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in DR-TB patients (11.70 ± 2.73 g/dL) than in DS-TB patients (8.33 ± 9.56 fL), with a mean difference of -3.37 ± 12.29 g/dL. The mean MCH and MCHC levels were also slightly lower in DR-TB patients (26.17 ± 3.44 pg and 30.41 ± 1.92 g/dL, respectively), but the differences were not statistically significant. The WBC count was similar in both groups (8.20 ± 3.80 × 10^9 /L and 8.45 ± 3.63 × 10^9 /L, respectively).
UNASSIGNED: The mean hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in DR-TB patients than in DS-TB patients which may be due to the increased inflammation associated with DR-TB. The WBC count was similar in both groups, suggesting that the immune system is responding similarly to the infection in both DR-TB and DS-TB patients.
UNASSIGNED: In the meantime, healthcare providers should be aware of these potential differences and use them to inform their diagnosis and treatment of patients with tuberculosis.

UNASSIGNED: Studies of acute heart failure (AHF) outcomes suggest that there are different predictors of mortality depending on region, ethnicity, and gender.
UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of six months\' post discharge outcome among AHF patients in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.
UNASSIGNED: This study was a prospective observational study conducted at the cardiology unit of the Department of Medicine at the University College Hospital Ibadan. One hundred and sixty AHF participants ≥ 18 years old were recruited.
UNASSIGNED: The mean age of the cohort was 58.0±15.1 years and most were males (59.4%). The independent predictors for death outcome after six months of discharge for AHF and the adjusted hazard ratio) (95% CI) were male gender 2.77 (1.17 -6.56); p =0.020 ; systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 0.98 (0.96 - 0.99); p = 0.011 ; and the presence of hepatomegaly 2.58 (1.02 - 6.51); p = 0.045 . Independent predictors for readmission or rehospitalization within 6 months after discharge were presence of right abdominal pain adjusted HR (95% CI): 2.07(1.14 - 3.76), p=0.017; SBP 0.98(0.96 - 0.99), p=0.005. Independent predictors for composite endpoint were male gender: adjusted HR: 2.08 (1.16 - 3.72), p= 0.014 and pericardial effusion and tamponade: 5.31(1.79 - 15.74), p=0.003 .
UNASSIGNED: The study provided an insight into the factors contributing to outcomes six-month after admission in a tertiary centre in South-Western Nigeria, and it highlighted the predictive role of systolic blood pressure.

UNASSIGNED: The relationship between diagnosed high blood pressure (HBP) and proximity to health facilities and noise sources is poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between proximity to noise sources, sociodemographic and economic factors, and diagnosed HBP in Ibadan, Nigeria.
UNASSIGNED: We investigated 13,531 adults from the African Rigorous Innovative Stroke Epidemiological Surveillance (ARISES) study in Ibadan. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), the locations of healthcare facilities, pharmaceutical shops, bus stops, churches, and mosques were buffered at 100m intervals, and coordinates of persons diagnosed with HBP were overlaid on the buffered features. The number of persons with diagnosed HBP living at every 100m interval was estimated. Gender, occupation, marital status, educational status, type of housing, age, and income were used as predictor variables. Analysis was conducted using Spearman rank correlation and binary logistic regression at p<0.05.
UNASSIGNED: There was a significant inverse relationship between the number of persons diagnosed with HBP and distance from pharmaceutical shops (r=-0.818), churches (r=-0.818), mosques (r=-0.893) and major roads (r=-0.667). The odds of diagnosed HBP were higher among the unemployed (AOR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.11-2.24), currently married (AOR=1.45, CI: 1.11-1.89), and previously married (1.75, CI: 1.29-2.38). The odds of diagnosed HBP increased with educational level and age group.
UNASSIGNED: Proximity to noise sources, being unemployed and educational level were associated with diagnosed HBP. Reduction in noise generation, transmission, and exposure could reduce the burden of hypertension in urban settings.

BACKGROUND:  Children roaming the streets estimated at 1 in 10 by a 2021 United Nation Children\'s Funds (UNICEF) report is a growing problem, in cities of lower- and middle-income African countries. Studies of street children with no family ties abound, but there is a paucity of studies on children on the street who exist within families and return home daily. We explored the family dynamics of children on the streets of Ibadan, emphasising family structure, resources and relationships.
METHODS:  Using an exploratory design based on a qualitative approach 53 participants were interviewed, including children on the streets, parental figures, child-welfare officers and street shop owners. Participants were selected from streets in the five urban local government areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. Recorded data were transcribed, and framework analysis was performed.
RESULTS:  The family dynamics included family structural problems, poor family resources and poor parent-child relationships. The family structural problems included: broken homes, large families and ambivalence around polygamy as subthemes. Family resources comprised: poor economic resources, poor social resources, educational challenges, cultural ambivalence and spiritual backdrops. The family relationships patterns included: poor adaptability, economic-oriented partnership, poor growth support, poor emotional connection and poor family bonding.
CONCLUSIONS:  The dynamics driving a family\'s choice for child streetism in Ibadan, mostly to hawk, are devaluation of family life, parenting irresponsibility, and poor filial relationship, underscored by economic constraints and socio-cultural decadence. The results of this research buttress the need for family-level interventions to forestall the escalating phenomenon of child streetism in Ibadan, Nigeria.Contribution: This research highlights the family dynamics of children on the streets, and buttresses family-level interventions are necessary to forestall escalating child-streetism in Ibadan, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The \"second victim\" phenomenon refers to the distress and other negative consequences that physicians experience when they commit medical error. There has been increasing awareness about this phenomenon and efforts are being made to address it. However, there is dearth of information about it in developing countries. This study explored the experiences of surgical resident doctors of the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria about the \"second victim\" phenomenon and the support they had following medical errors.
METHODS: This is a phenomenology study in which qualitative data were obtained from interviews with 31 resident doctors across 10 surgical units/departments. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were coded inductively. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. Themes and subthemes were generated using axial coding. The themes were then integrated using selective coding.
RESULTS: There were 31 participants and 10(32.3%) were females. All had witnessed other physicians encountering medical errors while 28(90.3%) had been directly involved in medical errors. Most of the errors were at the inter-operative stage. Prolonged work hours with inadequate sleep were identified as major causes of most medical errors. The feelings following medical errors were all negative and was described as \'stressful\'. Most of the residents got support from their colleagues, mostly contemporaries following medical errors, and many viewed medical errors as a learning point to improve their practice. However, there was a general belief that the systemic support following medical errors was inadequate.
CONCLUSIONS: The \"second victim\" phenomenon was common among the study group with consequent negative effects. Normalizing discussions about medical errors, reduction of work hours and meticulous intraoperative guidance may reduce medical errors and its consequences on the surgical residents. Steps should be taken within the system to address this issue effectively.

The paper chronicles the life and times of Professor Alexander Brown, the Foundation Professor and Head of the Department of Medicine at the University of Ibadan. The official opening of the University College Ibadan, Nigeria on 20 November 1957 as well as the graduation of the first set of clinical students in 1960 were glorious moments for Alexander Brown who laboured for 12years to witness these. He was also instrumental to the creation of the Department of Paediatrics (1962), Department of Radiology (1963) and the Medical Illustration unit of the hospital. Paediatrics and Radiology were initially units in the Department of Medicine. He played significant role in the development of postgraduate programmes in Cardiology, neuropsychiatry and nephrology units of the hospital and substantial role in the development of nursing education in the hospital. He was the brain behind the famous Ibarapa Community Health Project.

UNASSIGNED: A large proportion of patients with preoperative enterocolitis still have enterocolitis persisting even after surgery while others resolve thereafter. Some researchers have studied Calprotectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), Blood and Plasma viscosity as markers of inflammation, hence, the choice of their use. The aim of the study is to determine the sensitivity and reliability of Calprotectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), Blood and Plasma viscosity as biochemical predictors of enterocolitis in children with colorectal anomaly post-surgery at University College Hospital Ibadan.
UNASSIGNED: This is an observational analytic study of 32 patients with either Hirschsprung\'s disease or Anorectal malformation carried out over a year period. The demographic data of the patients, clinical condition and the preoperative and postoperative readings of the biochemical analytes were recorded in a chart. Statistical analysis were carried out using SPSS version 23 and test for statistical association done.
UNASSIGNED: The incidence of Hirschsprung associated enterocolitis is 12.5% and for Ano rectal malformation 6.3 %. Gender difference was not statistically significant even with the observed clinical difference. Plasma viscosity and blood viscosity correlate positively with each order. C-reactive Protein and Calprotectin did not predict enterocolitis in this study and the Sensitivity of blood viscosity at T1 and T2 is as low as 66% with a Positive Predictive Value of 25 %.
UNASSIGNED: The incidence of Enterocolitis associated with Hirschsprung\'s disease and Anorectal malformation is 19 %. Calprotectin and C-reactive protein did not predict enterocolitis in this patients. The outcome of care was satisfactory in over 90 % of the patients.

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have become a global health concern because of their adverse health effects and their association with the obesity pandemic. It has not received much attention in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, especially among pregnant women. The pattern, frequency and factors associated with SSBs among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, were investigated.
Data were from the Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study - a prospective cohort study investigating 1745 pregnant women from four comprehensive obstetric facilities in Ibadan. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the pregnant women\'s intake of food and drinks over the previous months. Sugar-sweetened beverage variable and scores were also generated using the principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Factors associated with high SSB scores were examined using multivariate logistics regression analyses at a 5% significance level.
The most commonly consumed SSBs were cocoa-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, malt drinks, and fruit juice. A quarter of the women (75th percentile) consumed SSB more than once weekly. The factors associated with high SSB on multivariate analysis were; being employed (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.02-2.26), maternal obesity (AOR: 0.065, 95% CI 0.47-0.89), high fruit intake (AOR:3.62, 95% CI 2.62-4.99), high green vegetable consumption (AOR:1.99, 95% CI 1.06-3.74), high milk intake (AOR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.65- 2.74), frequent fast food outlet visit (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI 1.53-1.70), all of these remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables.
SSBs were common among our study population. Factors associated with high SSBs intake are crucial for implementing locally relevant public health interventions.

UNASSIGNED: Progressive improvement in the accuracy of profiling of hormone receptors in breast cancer provides the basis for targeted endocrine therapy, a major pillar of multimodal breast cancer treatment. However, the disparity in findings from comparatively smaller sample-sized studies in West Africa has led to somewhat conflicting conclusions and recommendations.
UNASSIGNED: This study investigates the immunohistochemical (IHC) profile of breast cancer specimens for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal receptor-2 (HER2)/neu, and Ki-67 in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria over 12 years.
UNASSIGNED: We reviewed 998 IHC reports, documented clinicopathologic parameters, computed patterns of biomarkers, and stratified them based on the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists recommendations. Descriptive analysis including frequency, mean, and median were generated from the data extracted.
UNASSIGNED: Out of the 998 cases, 975 (97.7%) were females and 23 (2.3%) were males. The mean age was 48.84 ± 11.99 years. Open biopsies were the most common types of specimens (320, 41.6%): lumpectomy and incisional biopsy of ulcerated, fungating or unresectable tumours. In those cases, 246 (32.0%) were samples of breast-conserving or ablative surgical extirpation (mastectomy/wide local excision/quadrantectomy), and 203 (26.4%) were obtained by core needle biopsies. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histopathological type (673, 94.5%). The majority of graded tumours were intermediate grade (444, 53.5%). Four hundred and sixty-nine (48.4%) were ER positive, 414 (42.8%) were PR positive, and 180 (19.4%) were HER2/neu positive. Three hundred and thirty-four (34.0%) were triple-negative. Eighty-nine cases had Ki-67 staining done, and of these 61 (68.5%) had positive nuclear staining.
UNASSIGNED: Steroid hormone receptors and HER-2/neu proportions in our cohort are likely to be more representative than the widely varied figures hitherto reported in the sub-region. We advocate routine IHC analysis of breast cancer samples as a guide to personalized endocrine therapy.

UNASSIGNED: socio-economic status (SES), especially for women, influence access to care. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SES and uptake of malaria intervention by pregnant women and non-pregnant mothers of children under 5 years old in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria.
UNASSIGNED: this cross-sectional study was conducted at Adeoyo teaching hospital located in Ibadan, Nigeria. The hospital-based study population included consenting mothers. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered modified validated demographic health survey questionnaire. The statistical analysis involved both descriptive (mean, count, frequency) and inferential statistics (Chi-square, logistic regression). Level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.
UNASSIGNED: mean age of the study´s total of 1373 respondents was 29 years (SD: 5.2). Of these, 60% (818) were pregnant. The non-pregnant mothers of children under five years old showed a significantly increased odds (OR: 7.55, 95% CI: 3.81, 14.93) for the uptake of malaria intervention. Within the low SES category, women aged 35 years and above were significantly less likely to utilize malaria intervention (OR=0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.46; p=0.005) compared to those younger. In the middle SES, women who have one or two children were 3.51 times more likely than women with three or more children to utilize malaria intervention (OR=3.51; 95% CI: 1.67-7.37; p=0.001).
UNASSIGNED: the findings provide evidence that age, maternal grouping, and parity within the SES category can significantly impact on uptake of malaria interventions. There is a need for strategies to boost the SES of women because they play significant roles in the wellbeing of members of the home.