心血管疾病(CVDs)是工业化世界的主要死亡原因。大多数CVD与增加的炎症相关,所述炎症主要起因于与心脏损伤相关的先天免疫系统激活。先天免疫系统的持续激活经常导致促进心血管功能障碍和重塑的适应不良炎症反应。许多研究集中在确定先天免疫系统的某些介质是否是CVD治疗的潜在靶标。先天免疫系统具有特定的受体-称为模式识别受体(PRR)-不仅识别病原体相关的分子模式,但也能感知与危险相关的分子信号。PRRs的激活引发不同生理系统的炎症反应,包括心血管系统.经典的PRR,toll样受体(TLRs),和最近发现的核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体(NLR),最近被提议作为几个心血管疾病进展的关键合作伙伴(例如,动脉粥样硬化和心力衰竭)。本综述讨论了与TLRs和NLRs参与几种血管和心脏疾病进展有关的关键发现。重点是一些NLR亚型(核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域,富含亮氨酸的重复序列和含pyrin结构域的受体3和含核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域的蛋白1)可以成为开发几种CVD的新治疗策略的候选者。
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Most CVDs are associated with increased inflammation that arises mainly from innate immune system activation related to cardiac damage. Sustained activation of the innate immune system frequently results in maladaptive inflammatory responses that promote cardiovascular dysfunction and remodeling. Much research has focused on determining whether some mediators of the innate immune system are potential targets for CVD therapy. The innate immune system has specific receptors-termed pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)-that not only recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, but also sense danger-associated molecular signals. Activation of PRRs triggers the inflammatory response in different physiological systems, including the cardiovascular system. The classic PRRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the more recently discovered nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), have been recently proposed as key partners in the progression of several CVDs (e.g., atherosclerosis and heart failure). The present review discusses the key findings related to the involvement of TLRs and NLRs in the progression of several vascular and cardiac diseases, with a focus on whether some NLR subtypes (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1) can be candidates for the development of new therapeutic strategies for several CVDs.