In this study, Ginkgo biloba leave polyprenols (GBP) and polypyridine metal complex were individually utilized as functional ligand and main ligand, four kinds of novel GBP-based polypyridine metal complexes were successfully synthesized and their cell absorption capacity, light-dark stability, photodissociation efficiency, ROS production capacity, light-controlled antibacterial and anti-tumor activities as well as mechanisms were systematically investigated by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis), confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), gel electrophoresis (GE), scanning electron microscope (SEM), oxford cup method, MTT method etc. The lipid water distribution coefficients of complex 1, 2 and 4 were all within the range of 0∼3, demonstrating their better cell absorption capacity and more competitive bioavailability potentiality compared with GBP. All of the synthesized complexes possessed excellent stability in a dark environment, and could conduct ligand dissociation under the condition of visible light irradiation except complex 1. In which, complex 2 and complex 4 were able to achieve degradation rates of 37.9 % and 54.4 % within 5 min, separately. In addition, complex 2 and complex 4 exhibited superior inhibitory activities on the HN-3 tumor cells on account of their stronger ROS production capacity. Moreover, the constricted expression of BCL-2 and NF-kB p-p65, especially the promoted expression of BAX may be one of the root cause. The four synthesized complexes had preferable inhibition effects against S. aureus under the condition of visible light irradiation in contrast to darkness, in which complex 4 was the best and its MIC and MBC values were 6.25 and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial mechanism of the complex 4 may be in relation to the synergistic effect of multiple factors, including leakage of bacterial inclusion, change of cell membrane permeability and disruption of cell wall etc. All of the above generalized researches will pave a way for the high-value development and application of GBP-based functional products.

Functional modification of inorganic particles is an effective approach to tackle the issue of Li+ transport and the lithium dendrites formation in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, PMIA/BiOCl composite separators are prepared by nonsolvent induce phase separation (NIPS) method using P-type semiconductor bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) functionalized poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) separators. Compared with the polypropylene (PP) separator, PMIA has superior thermal stability and the addition of BiOCl further enhances its flame retardancy. And the prepared PMIA/BiOCl separator presents improved porosity (66.47 %), enhanced electrolyte uptake rate (863 %) and higher ionic conductivity (0.49 mS∙cm-1). Besides, the incorporation of BiOCl can anchor PF6- to the three-dimensional network skeleton of the PMIA/BiOCl separators, enabling the desolvation of Li+ and selectively facilitating Li+ transport (the Li+ transfer number is 0.79). Moreover, the uniform porous structure of the PMIA/BiOCl separators and the efficient transport of Li+ uniformly deposite Li+, and minimize the growth of lithium dendrites. Batteries assembled with PMIA/BiOCl separators have a discharge specific capacity of 124.4 mAh∙g-1 and capacity retention of 96.7 % after 200 cycles at 0.2C. Therefore, this work provides an effective route in the design strategy of separators for LIBs.

The aging of paper seriously threatens the service life of cultural heritage documents. Bacterial cellulose (BC), which has a good fiber aspect ratio and is rich in hydroxyl groups, is suitable for strengthening aged paper. However, a single BC added was not ideal for paper restoration, since only strengthening was not able to resist the persistent acidification of ancient book. In this work, BC was functionalized by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to develop the interface bonding with aged paper. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analysis identified the successful amino-silanization of BC. The modification parameters were optimized as the concentration of APTES of 5 wt%, the reaction time of 4 h, and the reaction temperature of 80 °C based on a considerable improvement in the strength properties without obvious appearance impact on reinforced papers. Moreover, the pH value of the repaired paper was achieved at 8.03, ensuring the stability of the anti-aging effect. The results confirmed that APTES-BC had great potential applications in ancient books conservation.

Magnesium hydroxide, as a green inorganic flame-retardancy additive, has been widely used in polymer flame retardancy. However, magnesium hydroxide is difficult to disperse with epoxy resin (EP), and its flame-retardancy performance is poor, so it is difficult to use in flame-retardant epoxy resin. In this study, an efficient magnesium hydroxide-based flame retardant (MH@PPAC) was prepared by surface modification of 2-(diphenyl phosphine) benzoic acid (PPAC) using a simple method. The effect of MH@PPAC on the flame-retardancy properties for epoxy resins was investigated, and the flame-retardancy mechanism was studied. The results show that 5 wt% MH@PPAC can increase the limiting oxygen index for EP from 24.1% to 38.9%, achieving a V-0 rating. At the same time, compared to EP, the peak heat release rate, peak smoke production rate, total smoke production rate, and peak CO generation rate for EP/5 wt% MH@PPAC composite material decreased by 53%, 45%, 51.85%, and 53.13% respectively. The cooperative effect for PPAC and MH promotes the formation of a continuous and dense char layer during the combustion process for the EP-blend material, significantly reducing the exchange for heat and combustible gases, and effectively hindering the combustion process. Additionally, the surface modification of PPAC enhances the dispersion of MH in the EP matrix, endowing EP with superior mechanical properties that meet practical application requirements, thereby expanding the application scope for flame-retardant EP-blend materials.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can deliver various bioactive molecules among cells, making them promising diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives in diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have shown therapeutic potential similar to MSCs but with drawbacks such as lower yield, reduced biological activities, off-target effects, and shorter half-lives. Improving strategies utilizing biotechniques to pretreat MSCs and enhance the properties of released EVs, as well as modifying MSC-EVs to enhance targeting abilities and achieve controlled release, shows potential for overcoming application limitations and enhancing therapeutic effects in treating bone-related diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in functionalizing MSC-EVs to treat bone-related diseases. Firstly, we underscore the significance of MSC-EVs in facilitating crosstalk between cells within the skeletal environment. Secondly, we highlight strategies of functional-modified EVs for treating bone-related diseases. We explore the pretreatment of stem cells using various biotechniques to enhance the properties of resulting EVs, as well as diverse approaches to modify MSC-EVs for targeted delivery and controlled release. Finally, we address the challenges and opportunities for further research on MSC-EVs in bone-related diseases.

The use of biobased flame-retardant (FR) agents for reducing the flammability of polyester/cotton (T/C) blend fabrics is highly desirable. In this study, a novel and sustainable phosphorus/nitrogen-containing FR, namely, phytic acid-urea (PA-UR) salt, was synthesized. The PA-UR salt was further used to enhance the FR performance of T/C fabric through surface modification. We further explored the potential chemical structure of PA-UR and the surface morphology, thermal stability, heat release capacity, FR properties, and mode of action of the coated fabric. The coated fabric achieved self-extinguishing and exhibited an increased limiting oxygen index of 31.8%. Moreover, the coated T/C blend fabric demonstrated a significantly reduced heat release capacity, indicating a decreased fire hazard. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the anticipated decomposition of the coated T/C blend fabric and a subsequent increase in thermal stability. The burned char residues also maintained their fiber shape structures, suggesting the presence of condensed FR actions in the PA-UR-coated T/C blend fabric.

Silk fibroin (SF) from the silkworm Bombyx mori is a fibrous protein identified as a widely suitable biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, tunable degradation, and mechanical strength. Various modifications of SF protein can give SF fibers new properties and functions, broadening their applications in textile and biomedical industries. A diverse array of functional modifications on various forms of SF has been reported. In order to provide researchers with a more systematic understanding of the types of functional modifications of SF protein, as well as the corresponding applications, we comprehensively review the different types of functional modifications, including transgenic modification, modifications with chemical groups or biologically active substance, cross-linking and copolymerization without chemical reactions, their specific modification methods and applications. Furthermore, recent applications of SF in various medical biomaterials are briefly discussed.

PCR amplification technology is the cornerstone of molecular biology. All-in-One PCR tube, as an emerging integrated device, is booming in biosensors application. All-in-One PCR tube biosensors are integrated PCR tubes designed for signal recognition, signal amplification or signal output. They enable \"one-pot\" detection within functionally modified and intelligently fabricated PCR tubes, effectively overcoming the limitations of conventional PCR applications, like complex procedural steps, risk of contamination and so on. Based on this, the review article summarizes the recent advance of All-in-One PCR tube biosensors for the first time as well as systematically categorizes five approaches of functional modification, three types of intelligent fabrication and relevant property characterization techniques. More emphasis is placed on the review of five ways of functional modification, including physical modification, chemical modification, UV photografting surface treatment, plasma surface modification, and layer-by-layer assembly coating. Moreover, All-in-One PCR tube biosensors covering different recognition elements range from small molecules to protein are detailed discussed on principle of sensing, providing a deeper understanding of the design and application of All-in-One-tube biosensor. Last, the future opportunities and challenges in this fascinating field are also deliberated.

Chitosan is a widely available polymer with a reasonably high abundance, as well as a sustainable, biodegradable, and biocompatible material with different functional groups that are used in a wide range of operations. Chitosan is frequently employed in widespread applications such as environmental remediation, adsorption, catalysts, and drug formulation. The goal of this review is to discuss the potential applications of chitosan and its chemically modified solids as a catalyst in biodiesel production. The existing manuscripts are integrated based on the nature of materials used as chitosan and its modifications. A short overview of chitosan\'s structural characteristics, properties, and some ideal methods to be considered in catalysis activities are addressed. This article includes an analysis of a chitosan-based scientometric conducted between 1975 and 2023 using VOS viewer 1.6.19. To identify developments and technological advances in chitosan research, the significant scientometric features of yearly publication results, documents country network, co-authorship network, documents funding sponsor, documents institution network, and documents category in domain analysis were examined. This review covers a variety of organic transformations and their effects, including chitosan reactions against acids, bases, metals, metal oxides, organic compounds, lipases, and Knoevenagel condensation. The catalytic capabilities of chitosan and its modified structures for producing biodiesel through transesterification reactions are explored in depth.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer with an elastic modulus close to that of the jawbone. PEEK has the potential to become a new dental implant material for special patients due to its radiolucency, chemical stability, color similarity to teeth, and low allergy rate. However, the aromatic main chain and lack of surface charge and chemical functional groups make PEEK hydrophobic and biologically inert, which hinders subsequent protein adsorption and osteoblast adhesion and differentiation. This will be detrimental to the deposition and mineralization of apatite on the surface of PEEK and limit its clinical application. Researchers have explored different modification methods to effectively improve the biomechanical, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, angiogenic, antioxidative, osteogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic, and soft tissue adhesion properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in material property advantages, three-dimensional printing synthesis, and functional modification of PEEK in the fields of implant dentistry and provides solutions for existing difficulties. We confirm the broad prospects of PEEK as a dental implant material to promote the clinical conversion of PEEK-based dental implants.