背景:赛马腕骨损伤的风险可能与形态有关,然而,腕骨形态是从出生开始还是通过生长改变仍不清楚。
目的:通过生长量化腕骨的变化。
方法:在2022年1月至2023年5月之间出生的20只私人拥有的纯种马驹从出生到10个月大,每两个月进行一次X光检查。印记训练用于在没有化学限制的情况下安全地拍摄X射线照片。在垂直和水平旋转零度时,使用ImageJ在腕骨的背侧X射线照片上测量了15个个体和11个相对角腕部参数。与年龄(增长)的关联,使用线性混合效应模型分别分析性别和左右肢体之间的差异。
结果:六个个体腕关节参数随年龄而变化(radial腕关节[RCJ],Prx.dor.桡骨[Cr],Prx.Cu,Dis.dor.第三腕骨[C3],Dis.pal.C3和Dis。pal.中间腕骨),一个人受到了侧面的影响,在左侧腕骨(Dis。pal.铬)。七个相对参数随年龄变化,一个相对参数受到侧面的影响,左侧较高(Ra。met-RCJ)。Cr的近背骨面角和C3的后背骨面角随着时间的推移变得更平坦,这可能与负载朝向矢状腕骨平面的重新方向相关联。性别没有影响任何腕关节参数,年龄的综合影响也没有,肢体和性别的侧面。
结论:随着时间的推移,特定的个体和相对角度腕部参数发生了显着变化,并且左右肢体之间存在一些差异,而其他参数没有变化。通过改变的参数在近侧实现的更陡的腕骨角度可以通过将负载更内侧地重定向通过腕骨以及近侧和远侧骨来提高稳定性。
BACKGROUND: The risk of carpal injury in racehorses may be related to the morphology, yet whether carpal morphologies are set from birth or change through growth remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To quantify carpal bone changes through growth.
METHODS: Twenty privately owned Thoroughbred foals born between January 2022 and May 2023 were radiographed bimonthly from birth to 10 months of age. Imprint training was used to take radiographs safely without chemical restraints. Fifteen individual and 11 relative angular carpal parameters were measured using ImageJ on dorsopalmar radiographs of the carpus at zero degrees of vertical and horizontal rotation. Associations with age (growth), sex and the differences between left and right limbs were analysed separately using a linear mixed effects model.
RESULTS: Six individual carpal parameters changed with age (radial carpal joint [RCJ], Prx.dor. radial carpal [Cr], Prx.Cu, Dis.dor. third carpal [C3], Dis.pal.C3 and Dis.pal. intermediate carpal), and one was influenced by side, that is higher in the left carpus (Dis.pal.Cr). Seven relative parameters changed with age, and one relative parameter was influenced by side, that is higher in the left (Ra.met-RCJ). The proximo-dorsal bone surface angle of Cr and disto-dorsal bone surface angle of C3 became flatter over time, which may be associated with the re-direction of the load towards the sagittal carpal plane. Sex did not influence any of the carpal parameters, nor did the combined effect of age, side of the limb and sex.
CONCLUSIONS: Specific individual and relative angular carpal parameters changed significantly over time and some differed between the left and right limb, whereas other parameters did not change. The steeper carpal bone angles achieved proximally with the parameters that did change may improve stability by redirecting the load more medially through the carpus and the proximal and distal bones.