真菌病是影响人类和动物的全球性问题。在本研究中,昆虫病原土壤真菌冠状分生孢子(Entomophthorales),在热带地区也感染人类,羊和马,通过添加先前在抗冠衣原体的角质层中检测到的昆虫角质层化合物(CC)进行培养(C10-C30脂肪醇,油酸丁酯,硬脂酸丁酯,甘油油酸酯,角鲨烯,生育酚乙酸酯)。我们的发现表明,CCs对C.coronatus的生长和孢子形成及其感染Galleriamellonella(鳞翅目)幼虫的能力具有多样化和复杂的影响。CC影响分生孢子中的蛋白质含量和表皮降解酶(CDE)活性。一些CCs抑制真菌生长(0.1%C10),减少孢子形成(C12,C16,C24,C28,C30,硬脂酸丁酯,角鲨烯),毒力(C12,C14,油酸丁酯,硬脂酸丁酯)和蛋白质含量(C18)。他们还降低了分生孢子CDE活性:弹性蛋白酶(C24,油酸丁酯,硬脂酸丁酯,角鲨烯,生育酚乙酸酯),壳聚糖糖苷酶(C12,C14,C20)和脂肪酶(C12,C18,C26,角鲨烯,生育酚乙酸酯)。几个CC增强了孢子形成(C14,C18,C22,C26,C30),毒力(C18,C26,角鲨烯),分生孢子蛋白含量(C16,C24,C30,角鲨烯)和CDE活性:弹性蛋白酶(C10,C16,C18),NAGase(C16,C20),壳糖苷酶(C16)和脂肪酶(C10,C14,C16,C20,油酸丁酯)。我们的发现表明,在补充有CC的培养基上生长的C.coronatus菌落采用各种补偿策略:用C16酒精生长的菌落显示出减少的孢子形成,但更多的分生孢子蛋白积累和增加的弹性蛋白酶,NAGase,壳糖苷酶和脂肪酶活性,从而保持高毒力。此外,添加C18酒精的菌落表现出高毒力,孢子形成和弹性蛋白酶活性增强,但分生孢子蛋白含量略有降低。抑制脂肪酶和蛋白酶活性的CC在对抗分生孢子菌病中显示出希望。
Mycoses are a global problem that affects humans and animals. In the present study, the entomopathogenic soil fungus
Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales), infecting in tropics also humans, sheep and horses, was cultivated with the addition of insect cuticular compounds (CCs) previously detected in the cuticle of C. coronatus-resistant fly species (C10-C30 fatty alcohols, butyl oleate, butyl stearate, glycerol oleate, squalene, tocopherol acetate). Our findings indicate that CCs have diversified and complex effects on the growth and sporulation of C. coronatus and its ability to infect the larvae of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera). The CCs affected protein content and cuticle-degrading enzymes (CDEs) activity in the conidia. Some CCs inhibited fungal growth (0.1% C10), decreased sporulation (C12, C16, C24, C28, C30, butyl stearate, squalene), virulence (C12, C14, butyl oleate, butyl stearate) and protein content (C18). They also reduced conidial CDE activity: elastase (C24, butyl oleate, butyl stearate, squalene, tocopherol acetate), chitobiosidase (C12, C14, C20) and lipase (C12, C18, C26, squalene, tocopherol acetate). Several CCs enhanced sporulation (C14, C18, C22, C26, C30), virulence (C18, C26, squalene), conidial protein content (C16, C24, C30, squalene) and CDE activity: elastase (C10, C16, C18), NAGase (C16, C20), chitobiosidase (C16) and lipase (C10, C14, C16, C20, butyl oleate). Our findings indicate that C. coronatus colonies grown on media supplemented with CCs employ various compensation strategies: colonies grown with C16 alcohol demonstrated reduced sporulation but greater conidial protein accumulation and increased elastase, NAGase, chitobiosidase and lipase activity, thus preserving high virulence. Also, colonies supplemented with C18 alcohol demonstrated high virulence and enhanced sporulation and elastase activity but slightly decreased conidial protein content. CCs that inhibit the activity of lipases and proteases show promise in the fight against conidiobolomycosis.