PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: In response to the replace mammal research models with insects in preliminary immunological studies, interest has grown in invertebrate defense systems. The immunological response is regulated by cytokines; however, while their role in mammals is well understood, little is known of their function in insects. A suitable target for studies into insect immunology is Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera), the wax moth: a common host for human fungal and bacterial pathogens. G. mellonella is also a perfect subject for studies into the presence of cytokine-like proteins.
UNASSIGNED: The main goal of present research was detection in insect immunocompetent cells the 18 mammalian cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-19, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β, GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF), which play important role in immunological response and indication how their level change after fungal infection.
UNASSIGNED: The changes of cytokine-like proteins level were detected in hemocytes taken from G. mellonella larvae infected with entomopathogenic fungus, C. coronatus. The presence of cytokine-proteins was confirmed with using fluorescence microscopy (in cultured hemocytes) and flow cytometry (in freshly collected hemolymph). The ELISA test was used to detect changes in concentration of examined cytokine-like proteins.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings indicated the presence of eighteen cytokine-like molecules in G. mellonella hemocytes during infection with C. coronatus. The hemocytes taken from infected larvae demonstrated higher fluorescence intensity for six cytokine-like proteins (GM-CSF, M-CSF, IL-3, IL-15, IL-1β and IL-19) compared to untreated controls. ELISA test indicated significantly higher IL-3 and IL-15. M-CSF, IL-1α and IL-19 concentration in the hemolymph after fungal infection, and significantly lower TNF-β and G-CSF.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings confirm that the selected cytokine-like molecules are present in insect hemocytes and that their concentrations change after fungal infection, which might suggest that they play a role in the anti-fungal immunological response.
UNASSIGNED: The main goal of present research was detection in insect immunocompetent cells the 18 mammalian cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-19, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β, GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF), which play important role in immunological response and indication how their level change after fungal infection.
UNASSIGNED: The changes of cytokine-like proteins level were detected in hemocytes taken from G. mellonella larvae infected with entomopathogenic fungus, C. coronatus. The presence of cytokine-proteins was confirmed with using fluorescence microscopy (in cultured hemocytes) and flow cytometry (in freshly collected hemolymph). The ELISA test was used to detect changes in concentration of examined cytokine-like proteins.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings indicated the presence of eighteen cytokine-like molecules in G. mellonella hemocytes during infection with C. coronatus. The hemocytes taken from infected larvae demonstrated higher fluorescence intensity for six cytokine-like proteins (GM-CSF, M-CSF, IL-3, IL-15, IL-1β and IL-19) compared to untreated controls. ELISA test indicated significantly higher IL-3 and IL-15. M-CSF, IL-1α and IL-19 concentration in the hemolymph after fungal infection, and significantly lower TNF-β and G-CSF.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings confirm that the selected cytokine-like molecules are present in insect hemocytes and that their concentrations change after fungal infection, which might suggest that they play a role in the anti-fungal immunological response.
摘要：
■在初步免疫学研究中用昆虫代替哺乳动物研究模型，对无脊椎动物防御系统的兴趣越来越大。免疫应答受细胞因子调节;然而,虽然它们在哺乳动物中的作用是众所周知的，人们对它们在昆虫中的作用知之甚少。研究昆虫免疫学的合适目标是海绵状夜蛾（鳞翅目），蜡蛾：人类真菌和细菌病原体的常见宿主。G.mellonella也是研究细胞因子样蛋白存在的理想主题。
■本研究的主要目标是在昆虫免疫活性细胞中检测18种哺乳动物细胞因子（IL-1α，IL-1β,IL-2、IL-3、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-12、IL-13、IL-15、IL-17、IL-19、IFN-γ、TNF-α,TNF-β,GM-CSF,M-CSF,G-CSF)，在免疫反应中起重要作用，并指示真菌感染后其水平如何变化。
■在从感染昆虫病原真菌的G.melonella幼虫的血细胞中检测到细胞因子样蛋白水平的变化，C.死因。使用荧光显微镜（在培养的血细胞中）和流式细胞术（在新鲜收集的血淋巴中）确认细胞因子蛋白的存在。ELISA测试用于检测所检查的细胞因子样蛋白的浓度变化。
■我们的发现表明，在用冠状芽孢杆菌感染期间，海绵状芽孢杆菌血细胞中存在18种细胞因子样分子。取自受感染幼虫的血细胞对六种细胞因子样蛋白（GM-CSF，M-CSF,IL-3，IL-15，IL-1β和IL-19）与未处理的对照相比。ELISA检测显示IL-3和IL-15明显增高。M-CSF,真菌感染后血淋巴中IL-1α和IL-19的浓度,并显著降低TNF-β和G-CSF。
■我们的发现证实了所选择的细胞因子样分子存在于昆虫血细胞中，并且它们的浓度在真菌感染后发生变化，这可能表明它们在抗真菌免疫反应中发挥作用。
■本研究的主要目标是在昆虫免疫活性细胞中检测18种哺乳动物细胞因子（IL-1α，IL-1β,IL-2、IL-3、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-12、IL-13、IL-15、IL-17、IL-19、IFN-γ、TNF-α,TNF-β,GM-CSF,M-CSF,G-CSF)，在免疫反应中起重要作用，并指示真菌感染后其水平如何变化。
■在从感染昆虫病原真菌的G.melonella幼虫的血细胞中检测到细胞因子样蛋白水平的变化，C.死因。使用荧光显微镜（在培养的血细胞中）和流式细胞术（在新鲜收集的血淋巴中）确认细胞因子蛋白的存在。ELISA测试用于检测所检查的细胞因子样蛋白的浓度变化。
■我们的发现表明，在用冠状芽孢杆菌感染期间，海绵状芽孢杆菌血细胞中存在18种细胞因子样分子。取自受感染幼虫的血细胞对六种细胞因子样蛋白（GM-CSF，M-CSF,IL-3，IL-15，IL-1β和IL-19）与未处理的对照相比。ELISA检测显示IL-3和IL-15明显增高。M-CSF,真菌感染后血淋巴中IL-1α和IL-19的浓度,并显著降低TNF-β和G-CSF。
■我们的发现证实了所选择的细胞因子样分子存在于昆虫血细胞中，并且它们的浓度在真菌感染后发生变化，这可能表明它们在抗真菌免疫反应中发挥作用。
