背景:居住在欧洲城市绿地和墓地的蚊子代表了公共卫生关注的一个重要方面,并有助于生态平衡。随着城市化的加剧,这些地区越来越成为各种蚊子的重要栖息地,培育繁殖地,增加疾病传播的风险。
方法:在三个主要城市(内陆,沿海,和河口)的巴斯克地区,西班牙北部,为了调查物种组成,丰度,动态种群,幼虫栖息地,以及城市绿地和墓地中蚊子的宿主偏好。CDC陷阱和浸渍用于收集蚊子2年(2019-2020年)。
结果:共鉴定出21种蚊子,淡色库蚊是最丰富和广泛的。Cx的三种生态形式。Pipiens被发现了,Cx.pipienspipiens在绿色区域和墓地中最常见。形态学鉴定与分子工具一起鉴定了65个具有高度同源性的COI序列。在内陆城市发现了最高的物种丰富度,其次是沿海城市和河口城市。与墓地相比,绿色地区的蚊子丰度明显更高,与内陆城市相比,沿海和河口城市的蚊子丰度更高。对幼虫繁殖地点的调查强调了Cx的优势。pipienss.l.,特别是在半人工池塘中,绿色区域的各种盛水容器(轮胎和水桶)和排水系统;在墓地,大多数幼虫在花盆和陪葬品中发现。不同城市的季节性活动显示出不同的蚊子丰度高峰,7月或8月显著增加。此外,血粉分析显示,CX。pipienss.l.以几种常见的城市鸟类为食。
结论:对蚊子的研究对于了解其在疾病传播中的作用以及设计有针对性和可持续的管理策略以减轻相关风险至关重要。
BACKGROUND: Mosquitoes inhabiting urban green spaces and
cemeteries in Europe represent a crucial facet of public health concern and contribute to the ecological balance. As urbanization intensifies, these areas increasingly serve as vital habitats for various mosquito species, fostering breeding grounds and increasing the risk of disease transmission.
METHODS: A study was conducted in the three main cities (inland, coastal, and estuarine) of the Basque Country, northern Spain, to investigate the species composition, abundance, dynamic populations, larval habitats, and host preferences of mosquitoes in urban green spaces and
cemeteries. CDC traps and dipping were used to collect mosquitoes for 2 years (2019-2020).
RESULTS: A total of 21 mosquito species were identified, with Culex pipiens s.l. being the most abundant and widespread. The three ecological forms of Cx. pipiens were found, and Cx. pipiens pipiens was the most common in both green areas and
cemeteries. Morphological identification together with molecular tools identified 65 COI sequences with high homology. The highest species richness was found in the inland city, followed by the coastal city and the estuarine city. Mosquito abundance was significantly higher in green areas compared to
cemeteries and in the coastal and estuarine cities compared to the inland city. The investigation of larval breeding sites highlighted the dominance of Cx. pipiens s.l., particularly in semi-artificial ponds, diverse water-holding containers (tyres and buckets) and drainage systems in green areas; in
cemeteries, most of the larvae were found in flowerpots and funerary urns. Seasonal activity exhibited variable peaks in mosquito abundance in the different cities, with a notable increase in July or August. Additionally, blood meal analysis revealed that Cx. pipiens s.l. fed on several common urban avian species.
CONCLUSIONS: Studies on mosquitoes are essential to understand their role in disease transmission and to design targeted and sustainable management strategies to mitigate the associated risks.