Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Oral status is an important indicator of past lifestyles. Determining the presence and extent of oral pathologies helps reconstruct average oral health, paramasticatory activities and diet of ancient and historical populations.
METHODS: In this study, the dental remains from the early medieval cemetery of Früebergstrasse in Baar (Canton of Zug, Switzerland) and the high medieval Dalheim cemetery (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) were analyzed. Caries, periodontal condition, periapical lesions, antemortem tooth loss, and enamel hypoplasia were assessed in 654 teeth (993 observable loci) from 68 individuals (Baar: n = 36; Dalheim: n = 32).
RESULTS: The oral status of both populations was affected by age with higher values of tooth wear in advanced age individuals. High tooth wear values in both populations point towards the consumption of abrasive foods. Pronounced anterior tooth wear in Baar may also be due to non-masticatory tooth usage. Finally, possible nutritional deficiencies were hypothesized for the Baar population. A higher caries prevalence was observed in the Baar group, probably due to differences in carbohydrate intake. The oral conditions observed in the two studied populations exhibited several analogies, suggesting comparable lifestyles despite their separation in space and time. The only differences observed are related to the use of teeth as \"tools\" and are thus determined by behavioral choices rather than diverse socioeconomic factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Using multiple dental parameters to examine the oral health of premodern individuals can provide useful insights into the interactions between humans and their environment, from dietary patterns to paramasticatory activities.
METHODS: In this study, the dental remains from the early medieval cemetery of Früebergstrasse in Baar (Canton of Zug, Switzerland) and the high medieval Dalheim cemetery (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) were analyzed. Caries, periodontal condition, periapical lesions, antemortem tooth loss, and enamel hypoplasia were assessed in 654 teeth (993 observable loci) from 68 individuals (Baar: n = 36; Dalheim: n = 32).
RESULTS: The oral status of both populations was affected by age with higher values of tooth wear in advanced age individuals. High tooth wear values in both populations point towards the consumption of abrasive foods. Pronounced anterior tooth wear in Baar may also be due to non-masticatory tooth usage. Finally, possible nutritional deficiencies were hypothesized for the Baar population. A higher caries prevalence was observed in the Baar group, probably due to differences in carbohydrate intake. The oral conditions observed in the two studied populations exhibited several analogies, suggesting comparable lifestyles despite their separation in space and time. The only differences observed are related to the use of teeth as \"tools\" and are thus determined by behavioral choices rather than diverse socioeconomic factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Using multiple dental parameters to examine the oral health of premodern individuals can provide useful insights into the interactions between humans and their environment, from dietary patterns to paramasticatory activities.
摘要：
目的：口腔状况是过去生活方式的重要指标。确定口腔疾病的存在和程度有助于重建平均口腔健康，古代和历史人口的顺磁性活动和饮食。
方法：在本研究中，Baar（楚格州，瑞士）和中世纪的达尔海姆公墓（北莱茵-威斯特法伦州，德国）进行了分析。龋齿,牙周状况，根尖周病变,生前牙齿脱落,在68个个体（Baar：n=36；Dalheim：n=32）的654颗牙齿（993个可观察基因座）中评估了釉质发育不全。
结果：这两个人群的口腔状况都受到年龄的影响，高龄个体的牙齿磨损值较高。这两个人群中的高牙齿磨损值表明消耗了磨料食物。Baar突出的前牙磨损也可能是由于非咀嚼牙齿的使用。最后,假设Baar人群可能存在营养缺乏。在Baar组中观察到更高的龋齿患病率，可能是由于碳水化合物摄入量的差异。在两个研究人群中观察到的口腔状况表现出几种类比，提出了可比的生活方式，尽管它们在空间和时间上是分离的。观察到的唯一差异与使用牙齿作为“工具”有关，因此由行为选择而不是不同的社会经济因素决定。
结论：使用多个牙科参数来检查前现代个体的口腔健康可以为人类与环境之间的相互作用提供有用的见解，从饮食模式到顺生活动。
方法：在本研究中，Baar（楚格州，瑞士）和中世纪的达尔海姆公墓（北莱茵-威斯特法伦州，德国）进行了分析。龋齿,牙周状况，根尖周病变,生前牙齿脱落,在68个个体（Baar：n=36；Dalheim：n=32）的654颗牙齿（993个可观察基因座）中评估了釉质发育不全。
结果：这两个人群的口腔状况都受到年龄的影响，高龄个体的牙齿磨损值较高。这两个人群中的高牙齿磨损值表明消耗了磨料食物。Baar突出的前牙磨损也可能是由于非咀嚼牙齿的使用。最后,假设Baar人群可能存在营养缺乏。在Baar组中观察到更高的龋齿患病率，可能是由于碳水化合物摄入量的差异。在两个研究人群中观察到的口腔状况表现出几种类比，提出了可比的生活方式，尽管它们在空间和时间上是分离的。观察到的唯一差异与使用牙齿作为“工具”有关，因此由行为选择而不是不同的社会经济因素决定。
结论：使用多个牙科参数来检查前现代个体的口腔健康可以为人类与环境之间的相互作用提供有用的见解，从饮食模式到顺生活动。
