背景:前列腺癌(PC)是全球男性中第二常见的肿瘤;然而,它的病因仍然很大程度上未知,年龄和家族史除外。各国发病率/死亡率的巨大差异表明,环境暴露的某些作用尚未得到澄清。
目的:评估PC风险(通过临床概况)与住宅邻近污染物工业设施(通过工业团体,一组致癌物,和释放的特定污染物),在西班牙基于人群的多酶对照研究的背景下发生癌症(MCC-西班牙)。
方法:本研究包括1186名对照和234例PC病例,频率与年龄和居住省相匹配。计算了从参与者的住所到研究区域内58个行业的距离,并将其分类为“近”(考虑≤1km和≤3km之间的不同限制)或“远”(>3km)。使用混合和多项逻辑回归模型估计赔率(ORs)和95%置信区间(95CIs),针对潜在的混杂因素和匹配变量进行了调整。
结果:在整个行业附近没有检测到额外风险,OR范围为0.66(≤2km)至1.11(≤1km)。然而,发现正相关(OR;95CI),由工业集团,近(≤3公里)陶瓷行业(2.54;1.28-5.07),食品/饮料(2.18;1.32-3.62),以及动物废物的处置/回收(2.67;1.12-6.37);和,根据特定的污染物,在植物附近释放氟(4.65;≤1.5km时为1.45-14.91)和氯(≤1km时为5.21;1.56-17.35)。相比之下,在释放氨的行业附近检测到逆关联,甲烷,二恶英+呋喃,多环芳烃,三氯乙烯,和钒到空气中。
结论:结果表明,PC的风险与接近整个工业装置之间没有关联。然而,在某些排放特定污染物的工业集团和行业附近发现了一些正相关和负相关。
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequent tumor in men worldwide; however, its etiology remains largely unknown, with the exception of age and family history. The wide variability in incidence/mortality across countries suggests a certain role for environmental exposures that has not yet been clarified.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between risk of PC (by clinical profile) and residential proximity to pollutant industrial installations (by industrial groups, groups of carcinogens, and specific pollutants released), within the context of a Spanish population-based multicase-control study of incident cancer (MCC-Spain).
METHODS: This study included 1186 controls and 234 PC cases, frequency matched by age and province of residence. Distances from participants\' residences to the 58 industries located in the study area were calculated and categorized into \"near\" (considering different limits between ≤1 km and ≤ 3 km) or \"far\" (>3 km). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated using mixed and multinomial logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders and matching variables.
RESULTS: No excess risk was detected near the overall industries, with ORs ranging from 0.66 (≤2 km) to 1.11 (≤1 km). However, positive associations (OR; 95%CI) were found, by industrial group, near (≤3 km) industries of ceramic (2.54; 1.28-5.07), food/beverage (2.18; 1.32-3.62), and disposal/recycling of animal waste (2.67; 1.12-6.37); and, by specific pollutant, near plants releasing fluorine (4.65; 1.45-14.91 at ≤1.5 km) and chlorine (5.21; 1.56-17.35 at ≤1 km). In contrast, inverse associations were detected near industries releasing ammonia, methane, dioxins+furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, trichloroethylene, and vanadium to air.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest no association between risk of PC and proximity to the overall industrial installations. However, some both positive and inverse associations were detected near certain industrial groups and industries emitting specific pollutants.