关于健康饮食指数评分对2型糖尿病(T2D)患者心血管事件风险影响的证据有限。因此,在这项研究中,我们研究了中国T2D患者中遵守中国和美国饮食指南与心血管疾病(CVD)风险之间的关系.我们基于中国人群进行了年龄和性别匹配的1:1病例对照研究。我们使用结构化问卷和经过验证的79项食物频率问卷来收集一般信息和饮食摄入信息,并计算了中国健康饮食指数(CHEI)和健康饮食指数-2015(HEI-2015)。作为参与者,我们共纳入419对基于医院的CVD病例和对照,所有的人都有T2D。我们发现CHEI和HEI-2015的饮食质量评分与CVD风险之间存在显着负相关。在CHEI中,每五个得分增量的调整后比值比(95%置信区间)为0.68(0.61,0.76),在HEI-2015中为0.60(0.52,0.70)。在分层分析中,保护性关联在性别亚组中仍然很重要,BMI,吸烟状况,喝茶,高血压状态,血脂异常状态,T2D持续时间,和医学营养治疗知识(均p<0.05)。这些结果表明,CHEI或HEI-2015评分更高,代表相对于最新的中国或美国饮食指南更高质量的饮食,在中国T2D患者中与CVD风险降低相关。
The evidence regarding the impact of the scores on healthy eating indices on the risk of cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is limited. As such, in this study, we examined the associations of adherence to the Chinese and American dietary
guidelines and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Chinese individuals with T2D. We conducted a 1:1 age- and sex-matched case−control study based on a Chinese population. We used a structured questionnaire and a validated 79-item food-frequency questionnaire to collect general information and dietary intake information, and calculated the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) and the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). As participants, we enrolled a total of 419 pairs of hospital-based CVD cases and controls, all of whom had T2D. We found a significant inverse association between diet quality scores on the CHEI and HEI-2015 and the risk of CVD. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per five-score increment were 0.68 (0.61, 0.76) in the CHEI and 0.60 (0.52, 0.70) in the HEI-2015. In stratified analyses, the protective associations remained significant in the subgroups of sex, BMI, smoking status, tea-drinking, hypertension state, dyslipidemia state, T2D duration, and medical nutrition therapy knowledge (all p < 0.05). These findings suggest that a higher CHEI or HEI-2015 score, representing a higher-quality diet relative to the most recent Chinese or American dietary
guidelines, was associated with a decreased risk of CVD among Chinese patients with T2D.