灰霉病,灰霉病是一种主要的采后病害,影响草莓和西红柿等水果。这项研究探讨了芽孢杆菌属产生的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的使用。作为对B.cinerea的生态友好型生物防治剂。体外实验表明,来自芽孢杆菌的VOCs。LNXM12,苏云金芽孢杆菌GBAC46和张河芽孢杆菌LLTC93-VOCs抑制真菌生长61.2%,40.5%,和21.6%,分别,与对照相比。LNXM12被选择用于进一步的实验,因为它对番茄和草莓水果的最高控制效力为58.3%和76.6%,分别。LNXM12挥发性有机化合物通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,鉴定出22种VOCs。具有最高概率百分比的合成VOC,即乙素,3-甲基-2-戊酮(3M2P),1,3-丁二烯-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),和角鲨烯用于实验。结果表明,合成的VOCs乙基辛基酚和3M2P高效,在琼脂平板上以120μg/mL对真菌菌丝体径向生长的抑制率分别为56.8和57.1%。台盼蓝染色显示强烈破坏,更深的蓝色,并在经VOC处理的B.cinerea中裂解菌丝体。扫描电镜和透射电镜(SEM和TEM)结果表明,不规则,在合成VOC处理后收缩。此外,合成的VOCsEthylocynol和3M2P对被B.cinerea感染的西红柿和草莓具有很高的控制效力。对叶片的控制效力为67.2%,66.1%和64.5%,分别为78.4%。同样,对水果的控制效率为45.5%,67.3%和46.3%65.1%。分析了毒力基因在灰霉病中的表达,结果表明,选择的基因BcSpl1,BcXyn11A,BcPG2,BcNoxB,BcNoxR,VOCs处理后BcPG1下调。总体结果揭示了芽孢杆菌的新机制。挥发物控制采后灰霉病。
Gray mold disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major postharvest disease impacting fruits such as strawberries and tomatoes. This study explores the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Bacillus spp. as eco-friendly biocontrol agents against B. cinerea. In vitro experiments demonstrated that VOCs from Bacillus sp. LNXM12, B. thuringiensis GBAC46, and B. zhanghouensis LLTC93-VOCs inhibited fungal growth by 61.2%, 40.5%, and 21.6%, respectively, compared to the control. LNXM12 was selected for further experiments due to its highest control efficacy of 58.3% and 76.6% on tomato and strawberry fruits, respectively. The LNXM12 VOCs were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and 22 VOCs were identified. Synthetic VOCs with the highest probability percentage, namely ethyloctynol, 3-methyl-2-pentanone (3M2P), 1,3-butadiene-N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and squalene were used in experiments. The results showed that the synthetic VOCs ethyloctynol and 3M2P were highly effective, with an inhibition rate of 56.8 and 57.1% against fungal mycelium radial growth at 120 μg/mL on agar plates. Trypan blue staining revealed strongly disrupted, deeper blue, and lysed mycelium in VOC-treated B. cinerea. The scanning and transmission electron microscope (SEM and TEM) results showed that fungal mycelium was smaller, irregular, and shrunken after synthetic VOC treatments. Furthermore, the synthetic VOCs Ethyloctynol and 3M2P revealed high control efficacy on tomatoes and strawberries infected by B. cinerea. The control efficacy on leaves was 67.2%, 66.1% and 64.5%, 78.4% respectively. Similarly, the control efficiency on fruits was 45.5%, 67.3% and 46.3% 65.1%. The expression of virulence genes in B. cinerea was analyzed, and the results revealed that selected genes BcSpl1, BcXyn11A, BcPG2, BcNoxB, BcNoxR, and BcPG1 were downregulated after VOCs treatment. The overall result revealed novel mechanisms by which Bacillus sp. volatiles control postharvest gray mold disease.