BACKGROUND: The goal was to improve the clinical cognition of nonaccelerating myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms-unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U) and avoid misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis.
METHODS: The clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, histopathology, and therapeutic effects of a patient with nonaccelerating MDS/MPN-U were analyzed and the relevant literature was reviewed.
RESULTS: Blood routine: white blood cell 98.48 x 109/L, red blood cell 3.20 x 1012/L, basophils 0.42 x 109/L, eosinophils 1.31 x 109/L, hemoglobin 112 g/L, and platelet 113 x 109/L. Blood smears showed granulocytosis and cells at various stages, polylobular granulocytes also can be seen. Bone marrow images show granulocytosis and dysplastic neutrophils, such as binuclear granulocyte, cyclic nuclear granulocyte, nuclear punch, cytoplasm vacuoles, polylobular granulocytes and so on. Bone marrow biopsy: Bone marrow proliferation tumor, combined with cell morphology and molecular biochemistry is recommended. Gene test showed Jak-2 positive, BCR/ABL and MPL negative. Chromosome examination indicated the presence of 46, XY, add (2)(p25), del (12) (p11.2p13)[16]/46, XY.
CONCLUSIONS: MDS/MPN-U with granulocytosis and dysplastic neutrophils is rare, mostly in the elderly, and the diagnosis should be made except for other myeloid tumors. Currently, there is no uniform treatment guideline or expert consensus. The treatment options are limited and need to be further confirmed by more studies. MDS/ MPN-U with granulocytosis and dysplastic neutrophils has adverse prognostic factors such as advanced age, increase of bone marrow original cells and related gene mutations. Whether the adverse prognosis is related to specific gene mutations and cytogenetic variation remains to be clarified by more research data.

Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) is one of the most serious risks posed to astronauts during missions to the Moon and Mars. Experimental models capable of recapitulating human physiology are critical to understanding the effects of radiation on human organs and developing radioprotective measures against space travel exposures. The effects of systemic radiation are studied using a multi-organ-on-a-chip (multi-OoC) platform containing engineered tissue models of human bone marrow (site of hematopoiesis and acute radiation damage), cardiac muscle (site of chronic radiation damage) and liver (site of metabolism), linked by vascular circulation with an endothelial barrier separating individual tissue chambers from the vascular perfusate. Following protracted neutron radiation, the most damaging radiation component in deep space, a greater deviation of tissue function is observed as compared to the same cumulative dose delivered acutely. Further, by characterizing engineered bone marrow (eBM)-derived immune cells in circulation, 58 unique genes specific to the effects of protracted neutron dosing are identified, as compared to acutely irradiated and healthy tissues. It propose that this bioengineered platform allows studies of human responses to extended radiation exposure in an \"astronaut-on-a-chip\" model that can inform measures for mitigating cosmic radiation injury.

Objective: To explore the correlation of bone marrow polychonal plasma cell proportion (pPC% ) and clinical features in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 317 patients with NDMM admitted to Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2018 to January 2023 was performed. The results of the pPC% in all patients were clear. The relationship between the pPC% and clinical characteristics was analyzed. Results: A total of 317 patients were included, comprising 180 males and 137 females. The median age at diagnosis was 61 (26-91) years, and 55.8% were 60 years or older. The pPC% in the bone marrow of patients with NDMM was different in the DS, International Staging System (ISS), and revised ISS (R-ISS) stages (P=0.002, 0.010, and 0.049, respectively), whereas no statistical difference in pPC% was observed among patients with different FISH risk stratigrams (P=0.971). The correlation coefficient between pPC% and hemoglobin (HGB) at the first diagnosis in patients was 0.211 (P<0.01). The correlation coefficients with serum calcium, serum creatinine, M protein level, and β(2)-microglobulin were -0.141, -0.120, -0.181, and -0.207, respectively, and the results of the significance test were P=0.012, 0.033, 0.004, and 0.002, respectively, indicating a negative correlation. Compared with the patients with a pPC% of ≥2.5%, the group of patients with a pPC% of <2.5% had significantly higher levels of light chain, serum calcium, serum creatinine, M protein, and β(2)-microglobulin at the initial diagnosis (P<0.05) ; lower HGB level (P<0.001) ; and a higher proportion of patients in ISS stage Ⅲ (P=0.034) . Conclusion: In this study, the pPC% in patients with NDMM was associated with clinical features of good prognosis, including higher HGB, lower serum calcium, serum creatinine, M protein quantity, β(2)-microglobulin, light chain involvement, lower proportion of advanced disease (DS stage and ISS stage Ⅲ), and clinical features showing lower tumor burden.
目的： 探究初诊多发性骨髓瘤（NDMM）患者骨髓多克隆浆细胞占比（pPC%）与临床特征的相关性。 方法： 回顾性分析2018年1月至2023年1月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院收治的317例NDMM患者，纳入患者均有明确的pPC%结果。分析pPC%与临床特征的关系。 结果： 共纳入317例患者，其中男180例，女137例，中位确诊年龄61（26～91）岁，≥60岁患者占55.8%。NDMM患者骨髓pPC%在各DS分期、ISS分期、R-ISS分期组差异均有统计学意义（P值分别为0.002、0.010、0.049），而不同的FISH危险分层患者pPC%差异无统计学意义（P＝0.971）。NDMM患者pPC%与患者初诊时HGB呈正相关（r＝0.211，P<0.01）；与血钙、血肌酐、单克隆免疫球蛋白（M蛋白）定量、β(2)微球蛋白水平呈负相关（r分别为-0.141、-0.120、-0.181、-0.207，P值为0.012、0.033、0.004、0.002）。与pPC%≥2.5%患者相比，pPC%<2.5%组患者初诊时受累轻链、血钙、血肌酐、M蛋白和β(2)微球蛋白水平明显升高（P值均<0.05），HGB降低（P<0.001），ISS分期Ⅲ期比例更高（P＝0.034）。 结论： NDMM患者pPC%与良好预后的临床特征相关，包括更高的HGB，更低的血钙、血肌酐、M蛋白定量、β(2)微球蛋白，受累轻链，更低的晚期疾病占比（DS分期、ISS分期Ⅲ期），在临床特点上表现为肿瘤负荷较小。.

A comparative study of the morphological and functional state of the microvasculature of the substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain (SNc) and bone marrow of rats was carried out using the rotenone model of Parkinson\'s disease (PD) and with subsequent administration of bacterial melanin (BM). The detection of microvasculature was carried out according to the histoangiological method of Chilingaryan. Animal behavior was studied using a cylinder test. An analysis of morphometric data showed that, in comparison with control animals, experimental animals with rotenone dysfunction showed an increase in capillary diameters and a general reduction in the capillary link in SNc. Behavioral tests have shown that the animals with rotenone intoxication exhibit a form of behavior inherent in PD (freezing, immobility, apathy). Under the influence of BM, the diameter of the capillaries in the SNc approaches the norm, and the capillary link is restored. Due to the protective effect of BM in rats with rotenone intoxication, the trophism of the brain tissue increases as a result of the approach of the lumen of the vessels to the norm and the opening of new branches in the capillary network, an increase in the density of capillaries, which ensures the safety of nerve cells. Animal behavior indicators are close to normal. A comprehensive analysis of cytogenetic data of rat bone marrow was also carried out. In animals with PD, compared to controls, there is a significant increase in the amount of polyploid cells (PC) and a decrease in the level of mitotic index (MI), which usually manifests itself in inflammatory processes and is accompanied by inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis. Under the influence of BM, a tendency towards normalization of MI was noted and a significant decrease in the percentage of PC was obtained, which possibly indicates its beneficial effect. The data obtained suggest that BM can be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of PD.

OBJECTIVE: Pre-transplant lung dysfunction is known to be a risk factor for non-relapse mortality (NRM) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). It is unclear which cell source gives better outcomes for patients with pulmonary dysfunction.
METHODS: We analyzed 3289 adult patients with standard-risk disease who had received HLA-matched allo-HCT, and compared outcomes between those who received peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) vs. bone marrow (BM) in two cohorts based on the presence of a lung score by the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-specific Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI): the Lung-scored (LS) and non-LS cohorts.
RESULTS: In the LS cohort, the 2-year overall survival (OS) in the BM group tended to be higher than that in the PBSC group (72.4% vs. 61.4%; P = 0.044). In the non-LS cohort, there was no significant difference between the two groups (71.7% vs. 73.2%; P = 0.13). Multivariate analyses confirmed that PBSC was significantly associated with inferior OS in the LS cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 1.66; 95% CI, 1.09-2.54; P = 0.019). On the other hand, the cell source did not affect OS in the non-LS cohort (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.76-1.12; P = 0.41). We found that PBSC was associated with an increased risk of NRM in the LS cohort (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.16-4.05; P = 0.016), while the cell source did not significantly affect NRM in the non-LS cohort. PBSC was not identified as a risk factor for relapse in either cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that BM might be beneficial for recipients with lung dysfunction in HLA-matched allo-HCT.

Morgana is a ubiquitous HSP90 co-chaperone protein coded by the CHORDC1 gene. Morgana heterozygous mice develop with age a myeloid malignancy resembling human atypical myeloid leukemia (aCML), now renamed MDS/MPN with neutrophilia. Patients affected by this pathology exhibit low Morgana levels in the bone marrow (BM), suggesting that Morgana downregulation plays a causative role in the human malignancy. A decrease in Morgana expression levels is also evident in the BM of a subgroup of Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients showing resistance or an incomplete response to imatinib. Despite the relevance of these data, the mechanism through which Morgana expression is downregulated in patients\' bone marrow remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the possibility that Morgana expression is regulated by miRNAs and we demonstrated that Morgana is under the control of four miRNAs (miR-15a/b and miR-26a/b) and that miR-15a may account for Morgana downregulation in CML patients.

Topotecan administered intraperitoneally at single doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg induced chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells of F1(CBA×C57BL/6) hybrid mice in a dose-dependent manner. A tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) inhibitor, an usnic acid derivative OL9-116 was inactive in a dose range of 20-240 mg/kg, but enhanced the cytogenetic effect of topotecan (0.25 mg/kg) at a dose of 40 mg/kg (per os). The TDP1 inhibitor, a coumarin derivative TX-2552 (at doses of 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg per os), increased the level of aberrant metaphases induced by topotecan (0.25 mg/kg) by 2.1-2.6 times, but was inactive at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The results indicate that TDP1 inhibitors enhance the clastogenic activity of topotecan in mouse bone marrow cells in vivo and are characterized by different dose profiles of the co-mutagenic effects.

Brown and brown-like adipose tissues have attracted significant attention for their role in metabolism and therapeutic potential in diabetes and obesity. Despite compelling evidence of an interplay between adipocytes and lymphocytes, the involvement of these tissues in immune responses remains largely unexplored. This study explicates a newfound connection between neuroinflammation and brown- and bone marrow adipose tissue. Leveraging the use of [18F]F-AraG, a mitochondrial metabolic tracer capable of tracking activated lymphocytes and adipocytes simultaneously, we demonstrate, in models of glioblastoma and multiple sclerosis, the correlation between intracerebral immune infiltration and changes in brown- and bone marrow adipose tissue. Significantly, we show initial evidence that a neuroinflammation-adipose tissue link may also exist in humans. This study proposes the concept of an intricate immuno-neuro-adipose circuit, and highlights brown- and bone marrow adipose tissue as an intermediary in the communication between the immune and nervous systems. Understanding the interconnectedness within this circuitry may lead to advancements in the treatment and management of various conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders.

Bone marrow biopsy is one of the important means of hematopathological diagnosis, which has decisive diagnostic significance for various benign and malignant lymphohematopoietic system diseases. Its diagnostic value includes morphological observation, immunohistochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology testing. Owing to the unique nature of bone marrow biopsy, decalcification is an essential step in the pre-treatment process. Its purpose is to remove calcium from bone tissue, preserve intact collagen fiber components, facilitate tissue sectioning, and prevent tissue detachment during staining. If bone marrow biopsy lacks sufficient decalcification, preparing a section is difficult. Conversely, if decalcification is excessive, it can seriously disrupt tissue antigen activity. Therefore, a decalcification method with high decalcification efficiency and mild antigen damage is essential for bone marrow biopsy. This article introduces a bone marrow biopsy tissue decalcification method with high efficiency and less antigen loss: decalcification is performed at room temperature with 12% formic acid and 8% hydrochloric acid decalcification solution on a shaker.
骨髓活检是血液病理诊断的重要手段之一，对于多种良、恶性淋巴造血系统疾病均具有决定性的诊断意义，其诊断价值包括形态学观察，以及免疫组化、遗传学和分子生物学等辅助检测。由于骨髓活检组织本身的特殊性，脱钙是前期处理过程中必不可少的环节，其目的是将骨组织中钙盐去掉，保留完整的胶原纤维成分，以利于组织切片以及避免染色时掉片。如果骨髓活检脱钙不充分，则难以制片，但如果脱钙过度，又会严重破坏组织抗原活性，因此，一种脱钙效率高且抗原破坏小的脱钙方法对于临床病理骨髓活检十分重要。本文介绍一种高效且抗原破坏较小的骨髓活检组织脱钙方法：12%甲酸-8%盐酸脱钙液室温摇床脱钙，供广大同仁参考和指正。.

Objective: The effect of bone marrow soluble B cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) expression on the efficacy and side effects of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -modified T-cell-targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) . Methods: This study involved 29 patients with relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM) who received humanized anti-BCMA CAR-T cell clinical trials from January 2018 to December 2021. The expression of sBCMA in bone marrow before and after anti-BCMA CAR-T cell treatment was detected by flow cytometry and compared. Results: ①Two months after BCMA CAR-T cell treatment, 20 patients (68.97%) achieved an overall response (OR), whereas nine patients had stable disease (SD) or miner emission (MR). ②The expression of sBCMA in the bone marrow of 20 patients with OR was higher before treatment than after [26 926 (18 215, 32 488) ng/L vs 9 968 (6 634, 11 459) ng/L; P<0.001]; no significant difference was observed in patients with MR and SD [41 187 (33 816, 47 046) ng/L vs. 33 954 (31 569, 36 256) ng/L; P=0.145]; sBCMA expression in patients with OR before CAR-T cell treatment was lower than in patients with MR and SD (P=0.005). ③No significant linear correlation was found between the peak value of CAR-T cells and sBCMA expression in the bone marrow of all 29 patients with RRMM (R(2)=0.035, P=0.330). ④No significant difference in sBCMA expression was found between grades 0-1 CRS group (13 patients) and grades 2-4 CRS group [16 patients; 32 045 (18 742, 40 801) ng/L vs 29 102 (24 679, 38 776) ng/L, P=0.879], nor between grade 0 ICANS group (22 patients) and grade 1-3 ICANS group [seven patients; 30 073 (19 375, 40 065) ng/L vs 33 816 (22 933, 43 459) ng/L, P=0.763]. Conclusion: sBCMA expression in the bone marrow is related to the efficacy of BCMA CAR-T cell therapy in patients with RRMM, but is not significantly correlated with the severity of adverse events. It may serve as a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of BCMA CAR-T cell therapy in these patients.
目的： 探索多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者骨髓可溶性B细胞成熟抗原（sBCMA）表达对靶向B细胞成熟抗原（BCMA）的嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T细胞）治疗疗效及安全性的影响。 方法： 以2018年1月至2021年12月接受人源化抗BCMA CAR-T细胞临床试验的29例复发/难治MM（RRMM）患者为研究对象。流式细胞术检测抗BCMA CAR-T细胞治疗前后骨髓sBCMA的表达并进行差异比较。 结果： ①BCMA CAR-T细胞治疗2个月，20例（68.97%）患者获得总体反应（OR），9例患者仅为病情稳定（SD）或微小缓解（MR）。②20例OR组患者骨髓sBCMA表达治疗前高于治疗后[26 926（18 215, 32 488）ng/L对9 968（6 634, 11 459）ng/L，P<0.001]；而MR+SD组患者骨髓sBCMA表达治疗前后差异无统计学意义[41 187（33 816, 47 046）ng/L对33 954（31 569, 36 256）ng/L，P=0.145]；CAR-T细胞治疗前骨髓sBCMA表达OR组低于MR+SD组患者（P=0.005）。③全部29例RRMM患者CAR-T细胞峰值与骨髓sBCMA表达无明显线性相关性（R(2)=0.035，P=0.330）。④sBCMA表达水平与CAR-T细胞治疗不良事件严重程度的相关性：0~1级细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）组（13例）与2~4级CRS组（16例）比较骨髓sBCMA表达差异无统计学意义[32 045（18 742, 40 801）ng/L对29 102（24 679, 38 776）ng/L，P=0.879]；0级免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征（ICANS）组（22例）与1~3级ICANS组（7例）比较骨髓sBCMA表达差异无统计学意义[30 073（19 375, 40 065）ng/L对33 816（22 933, 43 459）ng/L，P=0.763]。 结论： 骨髓sBCMA表达与RRMM患者接受BCMA CAR-T细胞治疗的疗效有关，但与不良事件严重程度无显著相关性。或可作为RRMM患者接受BCMA CAR-T细胞治疗的疗效预测标志物。.