Abstract：
Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) is one of the most serious risks posed to astronauts during missions to the Moon and Mars. Experimental models capable of recapitulating human physiology are critical to understanding the effects of radiation on human organs and developing radioprotective measures against space travel exposures. The effects of systemic radiation are studied using a multi-organ-on-a-chip (multi-OoC) platform containing engineered tissue models of human bone marrow (site of hematopoiesis and acute radiation damage), cardiac muscle (site of chronic radiation damage) and liver (site of metabolism), linked by vascular circulation with an endothelial barrier separating individual tissue chambers from the vascular perfusate. Following protracted neutron radiation, the most damaging radiation component in deep space, a greater deviation of tissue function is observed as compared to the same cumulative dose delivered acutely. Further, by characterizing engineered bone marrow (eBM)-derived immune cells in circulation, 58 unique genes specific to the effects of protracted neutron dosing are identified, as compared to acutely irradiated and healthy tissues. It propose that this bioengineered platform allows studies of human responses to extended radiation exposure in an \"astronaut-on-a-chip\" model that can inform measures for mitigating cosmic radiation injury.
摘要：
银河宇宙辐射（GCR）是宇航员在执行月球和火星任务期间面临的最严重风险之一。能够概括人体生理的实验模型对于理解辐射对人体器官的影响以及制定针对太空旅行暴露的辐射防护措施至关重要。使用包含人类骨髓（造血和急性辐射损伤部位）的工程组织模型的多器官芯片（multi-OoC）平台研究了全身辐射的影响，心肌（慢性辐射损伤部位）和肝脏（代谢部位），通过血管循环与内皮屏障相连，将各个组织腔与血管灌注液分开。在长期的中子辐射之后，深空中最具破坏性的辐射成分，与急性递送的相同累积剂量相比,观察到更大的组织功能偏差。Further,通过表征循环中的工程骨髓（eBM）衍生的免疫细胞，鉴定了58个特定于延长中子剂量效应的独特基因，与急性照射和健康组织相比。它提出，这个生物工程平台允许在“宇航员芯片”模型中研究人类对延长辐射暴露的反应，该模型可以为减轻宇宙辐射伤害的措施提供信息。
