蜂王浆(RJ)是一种高营养的天然产品,具有巨大的医药潜力,化妆品,作为一种促进健康的食品。这种蜂产品是重要化合物的混合物,如蛋白质,维生素,脂质,矿物,荷尔蒙,神经递质,黄酮类化合物,和多酚,这是RJ非凡的生物学和治疗活性的基础。各种生物活性分子,如10-羟基-2-癸烯酸(10-HDA),抗菌蛋白,apisin,主要的蜂王浆蛋白,和特定的肽,如apisimin,罗亚利辛,Royalactin,Apidaecin,防御素-1和果冻素是RJ的特征成分。RJ显示出许多生理和药理特性,包括血管舒张,低血压,抗高胆固醇血症,抗糖尿病药,免疫调节,抗炎,抗氧化剂,抗衰老,神经保护,抗菌,雌激素,抗过敏,抗骨质疏松,和抗肿瘤作用。此外,RJ可以减轻更年期症状,改善生殖系统的健康,肝脏,和肾脏,促进伤口愈合。本文概述了RJ在各种疾病中有益作用的分子机制。老化,和衰老相关的并发症,特别强调RJ的生物活性成分及其促进健康的特性。所提供的数据应该是未来临床研究的动力,这些研究有望增进我们对RJ治疗潜力的了解,并促进开发新的基于RJ的治疗机会,以改善人类健康和福祉。
Royal jelly (RJ) is a highly nutritious natural product with great potential for use in medicine, cosmetics, and as a health-promoting food. This bee product is a mixture of important compounds, such as proteins, vitamins, lipids, minerals, hormones, neurotransmitters, flavonoids, and polyphenols, that underlie the remarkable biological and therapeutic activities of RJ. Various bioactive molecules like 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), antibacterial protein, apisin, the major royal jelly proteins, and specific peptides such as apisimin, royalisin, royalactin, apidaecin, defensin-1, and jelleins are characteristic ingredients of RJ. RJ shows numerous physiological and pharmacological properties, including vasodilatory, hypotensive, antihypercholesterolaemic, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, estrogenic, anti-allergic, anti-osteoporotic, and anti-tumor effects. Moreover, RJ may reduce menopause symptoms and improve the health of the reproductive system, liver, and kidneys, and promote wound healing. This article provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RJ in various diseases, aging, and aging-related complications, with special emphasis on the bioactive components of RJ and their health-promoting properties. The data presented should be an incentive for future clinical studies that hopefully will advance our knowledge about the therapeutic potential of RJ and facilitate the development of novel RJ-based therapeutic opportunities for improving human health and well-being.