Abstract：
Dietary supplement use in the United States is widespread and increasing, especially among certain population groups, such as older Americans. The science surrounding dietary supplements has evolved substantially over the last few decades since their formal regulation in 1994. Much has been learned about the mechanisms of action of many dietary supplement ingredients, but the evidence on their health effects is still building. As is true of much nutrition research, there are many studies that point to health effects, but not all are at the level of scientific evidence (e.g., randomized controlled interventions), rigor, or quality needed for definitive statements of efficacy regarding clinical end points. New technologies and approaches are being applied to the science of dietary supplements, including nutrigenomics and microbiome analysis, data science, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning-all of which can elevate the science behind dietary supplements. Products can contain an array of bioactive compounds derived from foods as well as from medicinal plants, which creates enormous challenges in data collection and management. Clinical applications, particularly those aimed at providing personalized nutrition options for patients, have become more sophisticated as dietary supplements are incorporated increasingly into clinical practice and self-care. The goals of this article are to provide historical context for the regulation and science of dietary supplements, identify research resources, and suggest some future directions for science in this field.
摘要：
在美国，膳食补充剂的使用越来越广泛，特别是在某些人群中，比如年长的美国人。自1994年正式监管以来，围绕膳食补充剂的科学在过去几十年中取得了实质性进展。关于许多膳食补充剂成分的作用机制已经了解了很多，但是关于它们对健康影响的证据仍在积累。正如许多营养研究一样，有许多研究指出对健康的影响，但并非所有人都处于科学证据的水平(例如，随机对照干预)，严谨,或关于临床终点疗效的明确陈述所需的质量。新的技术和方法正在应用于膳食补充剂的科学，包括营养基因组学和微生物组分析，数据科学,人工智能,和机器学习-所有这些都可以提升膳食补充剂背后的科学。产品可以包含一系列来自食品和药用植物的生物活性化合物，这给数据收集和管理带来了巨大的挑战。临床应用,特别是那些旨在为患者提供个性化营养选择的产品，随着膳食补充剂越来越多地纳入临床实践和自我护理，它变得越来越复杂。本文的目标是为膳食补充剂的监管和科学提供历史背景，确定研究资源，并为这一领域的科学提出了一些未来的方向。
