维生素是重要的有机化合物,其化学结构差异很大,少量对许多生化和生物学功能至关重要。它们对新陈代谢至关重要,增长,发展和保持整体健康。维生素分为两组:亲水性和亲脂性。维生素K(VK),一种亲脂性维生素,天然存在于两种主要形式:叶醌(VK1),在绿叶蔬菜和藻类中发现,和甲基萘醌(VK2),存在于某些发酵和动物性食品中,并广泛配制在VK补充剂中。这篇综述探讨了导致VK缺乏症的可能因素,包括饮食影响,并讨论了补充VK2的药理学和治疗潜力,检查了最近的全球临床研究,其在治疗骨质疏松症等疾病中的作用,骨关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,心血管疾病,慢性肾病,糖尿病,神经退行性疾病和癌症。分析包括对来自多个数据库的已发表的文章的回顾,包括Scopus,PubMed,谷歌学者,ISIWebofScienceandCNKI,专注于人类研究。研究结果表明,VK2是一种对人类健康至关重要的多功能维生素,补充VK2与改善健康结果之间存在广泛的正相关关系。然而,临床数据有些不一致,强调需要进一步详细研究VK2的代谢过程,生物标志物验证,剂量-反应关系,生物利用度和安全性。建立VK2的每日推荐摄入量可以显着增强全球健康。
Vitamins are essential organic compounds that vary widely in chemical structure and are vital in small quantities for numerous biochemical and biological functions. They are critical for metabolism, growth, development and maintaining overall health. Vitamins are categorised into two groups: hydrophilic and lipophilic. Vitamin K (VK), a lipophilic vitamin, occurs naturally in two primary forms: phylloquinone (VK1), found in green leafy vegetables and algae, and Menaquinones (VK2), present in certain fermented and animal foods and widely formulated in VK supplements. This review explores the possible factors contributing to VK deficiency, including dietary influences, and discusses the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of supplementary VK2, examining recent global clinical studies on its role in treating diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. The analysis includes a review of published articles from multiple databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science and CNKI, focusing on human studies. The findings indicate that VK2 is a versatile vitamin essential for human health and that a broadly positive correlation exists between VK2 supplementation and improved health outcomes. However, clinical data are somewhat inconsistent, highlighting the need for further detailed research into VK2\'s metabolic processes, biomarker validation, dose-response relationships, bioavailability and safety. Establishing a Recommended Daily Intake for VK2 could significantly enhance global health.