陆地公共交通是城市内部和城市之间的重要纽带,如何控制COVID-19在陆地公共交通中的传播是我们日常生活中的一个关键问题。然而,关于SARS-CoV-2在陆地公共交通中的传播仍然存在许多不一致的观点和看法,这限制了我们实施有效干预措施的能力。这篇综述的目的是概述有关该流行病在陆地公共交通中的传播特征和途径的文献,以及调查影响其传播的因素,并提供可行的措施来减轻乘客的感染风险。我们通过搜索科学网获得了898篇论文,Pubmed,和世卫组织全球COVID数据库的关键词,并最终选择了45篇论文,可以解决本评论的目的。由于拥挤等特点,陆路公共交通是COVID-19的高发地区,通风不足,暴露时间长,和环境封闭。与表面接触透射和液滴喷雾透射不同,气溶胶吸入传播不仅可以在短距离内发生,而且可以在长距离内发生。通风不足是影响气溶胶远距离传播的最重要因素。其他传播因素(例如,人际距离,相对取向,和环境条件)也应注意,本文对此进行了总结。为了解决各种影响因素,必须提出切实可行的预防措施。其中,增加通风,特别是新鲜空气(即,自然通风),已证明可有效降低室内感染风险。许多预防措施也是有效的,比如扩大社交距离,避免面对面的定向,设置物理分区,消毒,避免说话,等等。随着对该流行病的研究的加强,人们已经打破了许多感知的障碍,但仍需要对陆地公共交通的监测系统和预防措施进行更全面的研究。
Land public transport is an important link within and between cities, and how to control the transmission of COVID-19 in land public transport is a critical issue in our daily lives. However, there are still many inconsistent opinions and views about the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in land public transport, which limits our ability to implement effective interventions. The purpose of this review is to overview the literature on transmission characteristics and routes of the epidemic in land public transport, as well as to investigate factors affecting its spread and provide feasible measures to mitigate the infection risk of passengers. We obtained 898 papers by searching the Web of Science, Pubmed, and WHO global COVID database by keywords, and finally selected 45 papers that can address the purpose of this review. Land public transport is a high outbreak area for COVID-19 due to characteristics like crowding, inadequate ventilation, long exposure time, and environmental closure. Different from surface touch transmission and drop spray transmission, aerosol inhalation transmission can occur not only in short distances but also in long distances. Insufficient ventilation is the most important factor influencing long-distance aerosol transmission. Other transmission factors (e.g., interpersonal distance, relative orientation, and ambient conditions) should be noticed as well, which have been summarized in this paper. To address various influencing factors, it is essential to suggest practical and efficient preventive measures. Among these, increased ventilation, particularly the fresh air (i.e., natural ventilation), has proven to effectively reduce indoor infection risk. Many preventive measures are also effective, such as enlarging social distance, avoiding face-to-face orientation, setting up physical partitions, disinfection, avoiding talking, and so on. As research on the epidemic has intensified, people have broken down many perceived barriers, but more comprehensive studies on monitoring systems and prevention measures in land public transport are still needed.